Questões de Inglês

Read the text below and answer the following question.

 

Can Cellular Agriculture Feed the World?

 

Within 20 years, there will be 2 billion more people than today — over 9 billion people in total. The impact to the environment could be severe. Just feeding that population using current methods is problematic.

 

On average, cattle ranchers need 100 times more land than corn growers to produce a gram of food. So, if that hungry world continues to eat meat like we do, the demand for land — and fresh water — will be alarming, not to mention the environmental impact of raising so many animals. Meat production aside, the large-scale monoculture of crops like corn usually results in damaging terrestrial pollution from pesticides and soil depletion. The impact to the oceans is equally perilous.

 

Instead of farming animals, fish and plants, cellular agriculture grows the proteins and nutrients we consume from a culture, cell by cell. With this alternative approach, the consumable meat and plant tissues produced don’t need to be harvested from animals or plants. It’s food production on an industrial scale.

 

The technology to do this is not new. Growing meat from a scaffold embedded in growth culture is no different in theory than making bread from yeast. The vast majority of insulin for diabetics is already manufactured by genetically engineered bacteria, as is the rennet used to culture cheese. In the past 10 years, this approach has been pioneered with a variety of foodstuffs: milk, eggs, beef, chicken, fish — even coffee.

 

To succeed, cellular agriculture must overcome 6,000 years of established dependence on traditional agriculture, and it has to do so via one of the most finicky human senses: taste. No one will eat manufactured meat or fish if it doesn’t have the same sensual satisfaction generated by the grown version. So, in addition to all the technical challenges in creating edible tissues from cultures, the startups pioneering this approach are working diligently to make their products tasty.

 

The possibilities for cellular agriculture are seemingly limitless; it may be possible to grow human organs for transplant using the method. But it is still early days.

Adaptado de: <http://earth911.com/business-policy/cellularagriculture/> Acessado em 19 de outubro de 2018.

All of the following are synonyms of perilous except for

Read the text below and answer the following question.

 

Can Cellular Agriculture Feed the World?

 

Within 20 years, there will be 2 billion more people than today — over 9 billion people in total. The impact to the environment could be severe. Just feeding that population using current methods is problematic.

 

On average, cattle ranchers need 100 times more land than corn growers to produce a gram of food. So, if that hungry world continues to eat meat like we do, the demand for land — and fresh water — will be alarming, not to mention the environmental impact of raising so many animals. Meat production aside, the large-scale monoculture of crops like corn usually results in damaging terrestrial pollution from pesticides and soil depletion. The impact to the oceans is equally perilous.

 

Instead of farming animals, fish and plants, cellular agriculture grows the proteins and nutrients we consume from a culture, cell by cell. With this alternative approach, the consumable meat and plant tissues produced don’t need to be harvested from animals or plants. It’s food production on an industrial scale.

 

The technology to do this is not new. Growing meat from a scaffold embedded in growth culture is no different in theory than making bread from yeast. The vast majority of insulin for diabetics is already manufactured by genetically engineered bacteria, as is the rennet used to culture cheese. In the past 10 years, this approach has been pioneered with a variety of foodstuffs: milk, eggs, beef, chicken, fish — even coffee.

 

To succeed, cellular agriculture must overcome 6,000 years of established dependence on traditional agriculture, and it has to do so via one of the most finicky human senses: taste. No one will eat manufactured meat or fish if it doesn’t have the same sensual satisfaction generated by the grown version. So, in addition to all the technical challenges in creating edible tissues from cultures, the startups pioneering this approach are working diligently to make their products tasty.

 

The possibilities for cellular agriculture are seemingly limitless; it may be possible to grow human organs for transplant using the method. But it is still early days.

Adaptado de: <http://earth911.com/business-policy/cellularagriculture/> Acessado em 19 de outubro de 2018.

One of the things that makes cellular culture hard to succeed is

Read the text below and answer the following question.

 

Can Cellular Agriculture Feed the World?

 

Within 20 years, there will be 2 billion more people than today — over 9 billion people in total. The impact to the environment could be severe. Just feeding that population using current methods is problematic.

 

On average, cattle ranchers need 100 times more land than corn growers to produce a gram of food. So, if that hungry world continues to eat meat like we do, the demand for land — and fresh water — will be alarming, not to mention the environmental impact of raising so many animals. Meat production aside, the large-scale monoculture of crops like corn usually results in damaging terrestrial pollution from pesticides and soil depletion. The impact to the oceans is equally perilous.

 

Instead of farming animals, fish and plants, cellular agriculture grows the proteins and nutrients we consume from a culture, cell by cell. With this alternative approach, the consumable meat and plant tissues produced don’t need to be harvested from animals or plants. It’s food production on an industrial scale.

 

The technology to do this is not new. Growing meat from a scaffold embedded in growth culture is no different in theory than making bread from yeast. The vast majority of insulin for diabetics is already manufactured by genetically engineered bacteria, as is the rennet used to culture cheese. In the past 10 years, this approach has been pioneered with a variety of foodstuffs: milk, eggs, beef, chicken, fish — even coffee.

 

To succeed, cellular agriculture must overcome 6,000 years of established dependence on traditional agriculture, and it has to do so via one of the most finicky human senses: taste. No one will eat manufactured meat or fish if it doesn’t have the same sensual satisfaction generated by the grown version. So, in addition to all the technical challenges in creating edible tissues from cultures, the startups pioneering this approach are working diligently to make their products tasty.

 

The possibilities for cellular agriculture are seemingly limitless; it may be possible to grow human organs for transplant using the method. But it is still early days.

Adaptado de: <http://earth911.com/business-policy/cellularagriculture/> Acessado em 19 de outubro de 2018.

Cellular agriculture 

Leia o texto abaixo.

 

A Little Life Philosophy

 

  Here are some thoughts on how to live a reasonably balanced life.

  These aren’t any great insights, just everyday thoughts on how to be satisfied and relatively happy despite the curves that life throws us at times. First and foremost, it’s important to find people that you like. That means finding someone who won’t make you feel put upon. That’s truly a horrible feeling! It’s also a good idea to find people who aren’t going to press your buttons too much. Friends will kid around, but good friends will hit a happy medium between joking and respecting each other. On the topic of friends, it’s a good idea to treat your friends like you’d like them to treat you. It’s simple, but put this advice into practice and you’ll be surprised at what great friends you find.

  In these modern times, we all enjoy having the latest, greatest products such as smart phones and stylish clothing. Just remember that all that glitters is not gold. It is helpful to always keep the presence of mind about you when shopping.

  Rather than fall into the trap of using your credit card too much, wait a day or two. Try this trick the next time your heart skips a beat because some beautiful piece of technology calls to you from the shop window. Once you’ve got this technique under your belt, you’d be surprised how much you will save.

  Finally, when things do go wrong be careful and take it slowly. Take a few deep breaths, regain your composure, and then act. You’ll need to straighten things out from time to time, but you’ll know it’s not the end of the world.

(Disponível em: <https://www.thoughtco.com/little-life-philosophy-idioms-in-context-4106567>. Acesso em: 19 ago. 2018.)

 

Observando o contexto em que as expressões em negrito e sublinhado aparecem no texto, identifique como verdadeiras (V) ou falsas (F) as seguintes afirmativas:

 

( ) ‘feel put upon’ significa ‘sente-se forçado a fazer algo que não quer’.

( ) ‘press your buttons’ significa ‘abusar da sua boa vontade’.

( ) ‘presence of mind’ significa ‘pensar no presente, sem se preocupar com o futuro’.

( ) ‘got this technique under your belt’ significa ‘experimentou essa técnica’.

 

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência correta, de cima para baixo.

Alguns verbos em inglês são seguidos de preposições. Quais são as preposições que acompanham os verbos do diálogo abaixo?

 

A: Hey, Janet, I need to talk to you. I want to apologize ____ my mistake.

B: Come on, Mark, I don’t want to argue ____ you ____ that again.

A: I know I accused you _____ not telling me the truth and that was not nice of me, but now I know I can rely ____ you.

B: Listen, there’s nothing that will prevent me ____ quitting this job. I want to dedicate myself ____ a new life project. I hope I will be able to laugh _____ all that happened here one day in the future.

 

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as preposições, na ordem em que aparecem no diálogo.

Com base no excerto abaixo, retirado de um texto que discute a obsessão por esportes e suas consequências, responda a questão.

 

  There is no doubt that the sports industry in this country has grown massively over the last twenty years. This growth is linked with the development of cable and satellite television channels, many of which supply continual sports coverage to subscribers. These channels earn huge revenues not only from subscribers but also from advertisers who rush to advertise their goods and services when important sports events occur. The governing bodies of the various major sports in Britain, such as football, cricket, rugby and tennis, have cooperated with the television companies in signing agreements to allow the televising of their ‘products’. ________ the amazing hype that surrounds major, or even run-of-the-mill, sporting events stems from the pooled and vested interests of the owners of the media outlets and the groups who control the sports themselves. This continual high-intensity marketing of sport has led to a nation of obsessive watchers, most of whom are male.

  _________, it is not only the people who watch most of their sport on television that are fanatics. The real committed fans are those who follow their team weak in, week out, as they play around the country. What, it could be asked, is wrong with that? Is this not a harmless pastime that causes no one any problems? Yes, it can be, but too often this obsession with ‘your team’ can take over from a proper concern with other important issues of employment, family, relationships and even money. We all probably know of some ‘sports nut’, to whom the success or failure of their chosen team or individual sporting god matters too much. Often, belonging to a sports’ club or unofficial grouping takes priority over relationships that would appear to be more important in an individual’s life, for example, a wife or children.

(SHIACK, Don. How to write essays. Oxford: How to Books, 2009, p. 52-54.)

Sobre os termos em negrito e sublinhados no texto, considere as seguintes afirmativas:

 

1. ‘supply’, no primeiro parágrafo, é sinônimo de ‘provide’.

2. ‘hype’, no primeiro parágrafo, significa o mesmo que ‘party’.

3. ‘vested’, no primeiro parágrafo, é sinônimo de ‘true’.

4. ‘committed’, no segundo parágrafo, é sinônimo de ‘faithful’.

 

Assinale a alternativa correta.