Questões de Inglês

Text

 

What is Sociology?

 

    Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Sociologists investigate the structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how people interact within these contexts. Since all human behavior is social, the subject matter of sociology ranges from the intimate family to the hostile mob; from organized crime to religious cults; from the divisions of race, gender and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture; and from the sociology of work to the sociology of sports. In fact, few fields have such broad scope and relevance for research, theory, and application of knowledge.

    Sociology provides many distinctive perspectives on the world, generating new ideas and critiquing the old. The field also offers a range of research techniques that can be applied to virtually any aspect of social life: street crime and delinquency, corporate downsizing, how people express emotions, welfare or education reform, how families differ and flourish, or problems of peace and war. Because sociology addresses the most challenging issues of our time, it is a rapidly expanding field whose potential is increasingly tapped by those who craft policies and create programs. Sociologists understand social inequality, patterns of behavior, forces for social change and resistance, and how social systems work. As the following pages convey, sociology is an exciting discipline with expanding opportunities for a wide range of career paths.

From: https://sociology.case.edu/what-is-sociology/. Accessed on 05/11/2019

De acordo com o texto, a Sociologia oferece técnicas de pesquisa que podem ser aplicadas a muitos aspectos da vida em sociedade.

 

Dentre esses aspectos, podemos citar:

Text

 

What is Sociology?

 

    Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Sociologists investigate the structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how people interact within these contexts. Since all human behavior is social, the subject matter of sociology ranges from the intimate family to the hostile mob; from organized crime to religious cults; from the divisions of race, gender and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture; and from the sociology of work to the sociology of sports. In fact, few fields have such broad scope and relevance for research, theory, and application of knowledge.

    Sociology provides many distinctive perspectives on the world, generating new ideas and critiquing the old. The field also offers a range of research techniques that can be applied to virtually any aspect of social life: street crime and delinquency, corporate downsizing, how people express emotions, welfare or education reform, how families differ and flourish, or problems of peace and war. Because sociology addresses the most challenging issues of our time, it is a rapidly expanding field whose potential is increasingly tapped by those who craft policies and create programs. Sociologists understand social inequality, patterns of behavior, forces for social change and resistance, and how social systems work. As the following pages convey, sociology is an exciting discipline with expanding opportunities for a wide range of career paths.

From: https://sociology.case.edu/what-is-sociology/. Accessed on 05/11/2019

A Sociologia é uma ciência que possui uma abrangência muito grande de possíveis objetos de estudo.

 

Marque a opção que, de acordo com o texto, não contempla um desses objetos de estudo.

Text

 

Why Study Philosophy? What is Philosophy, and Why Should I Study It?

 

    “Philosophy” comes from Greek words meaning “love of wisdom.” Philosophy uses the tools of logic and reason to analyze the ways in which humans experience the world. It teaches critical thinking, close reading, clear writing, and logical analysis; it uses these to understand the language we use to describe the world, and our place within it. Different areas of philosophy are distinguished by the questions they ask. Do our senses accurately describe reality? What makes wrong actions wrong? How should we live? These are philosophical questions, and philosophy teaches the ways in which we might begin to answer them.

    Students who learn philosophy get a great many benefits from doing so. The tools taught by philosophy are of great use in further education, and in employment. Despite the seemingly abstract nature of the questions philosophers ask, the tools philosophy teaches tend to be highly sought-after by employers. Philosophy students learn how to write clearly, and to read closely, with a critical eye; they are taught to spot bad reasoning, and how to avoid it in their writing and in their work. It is therefore not surprising that philosophy students have historically scored more highly on tests like the LSAT and GRE, on average, than almost any other discipline. Many of our students combine studying philosophy with studying other disciplines.

    The most important reason to study philosophy is that it is of enormous and enduring interest. All of us have to answer, for ourselves, the questions asked by philosophers. In this department, students can learn how to ask the questions well, and how we might begin to develop responses. Philosophy is important, but it is also enormously enjoyable, and our faculty contains many award-winning teachers who make the process of learning about philosophy fun. Our faculty are committed to a participatory style of teaching, in which students are provided with the tools and the opportunity to develop and express their own philosophical views.

From: https://phil.washington.edu/why-study-philosophy. Accessed on 05/10/2019

Qual opção não é mencionada no texto?

Observe o anúncio.

Analise as afirmações a seguir.

 

I- A promoção durará o dia todo.

II - Os descontos poderão chegar até 75%.

III - Todos os produtos estão em liquidação.

IV - Novos modelos foram adicionados à lista hoje.

V - Novos modelos foram adicionados à lista nesta semana.

 

É correto apenas o que se afirma em

Leia o texto e escreva (V) se a sentença for verdadeira e (F) se for falsa.

 

Sandy McGuire

I operate the telephone helpline on the graveyard shift-that’s the one from midnight through to the morning. Although it’s quiet and still in the streets outside, it’s not so quiet in the office. The early hours of the morning are sometimes the busiest time, when the telephone never stops ringing.

People call the helpline for information or advice, or sometimes they just need to hear a friendly voice. We talk to people who are depressed and worried, and sometimes in pain. Sometimes we get some funny enquiries – yesterday, a teenager phoned because he had swallowed some chewing gum and he was afraid he was going to die!

We can’t see our patients, so we have to be very good on the phone. We have to learn how to do it, because it doesn’t come naturally. We have to know how to ask the right questions so that we get clear and accurate answers, and we have to be able to speak in language anyone can understand.

 

Sobre o texto, analise as afirmações a seguir:

 

I - Sandy works at night.

II - Her shift is a quiet one.

III - Some people phone because they are lonely.

IV - Sandy only gives information – not advice.

V - Helpline nurses have to speak foreign languages.

 

É correto apenas o que se afirma em:

BRUMADINHO, Brazil — Luiz de Castro was installing lamps at a mining complex in Brazil late last month when a loud blast split the air. He figured it was just a truck tire popping, but a friend knew better.

 

“No, it’s not that!” the friend said. “Run!”

 

Dashing up a staircase, caked in mud and pelted by flying rocks, Mr. Castro clambered to safety. But as he watched, a wall of mud unleashed by the collapse of a mining dam swallowed his co-workers, he said. Tiago, George, Icaro — they and at least 154 others, all buried alive.

 

The deluge of toxic mud stretched for five miles, crushing homes, offices and people — a tragedy, but hardly a surprise, experts say.

 

There are 87 mining dams in Brazil built like the one that failed — enormous reservoirs of mining waste held back by little more than walls of sand and silt. And all but four of the dams have been rated by the government as equally vulnerable, or worse.

 

Even more alarming, at least 27 sit directly uphill from cities or towns, with more than 100,000 people living in especially risky areas if the dams failed, an estimate by The New York Times found.

 

In the disaster last month, all the elements for catastrophe were there: A barebones reservoir of mining waste built on the cheap, sitting above a large town nestled underneath. Overlooked warnings of structural problems that could lead to a collapse. Monitoring equipment that had stopped working.

 

And perhaps above all, a country where a powerful mining industry has been free to act more or less unchecked.

 

The threat of poorly constructed mining dams in Brazil goes far beyond one company. The latest deadly failure — the second in Brazil in three years — has made it clear that neither the mining industry nor regulators have the situation under control.

 

Vale S.A., the world’s largest iron ore producer, says it will close all 10 of its dams in Brazil with a design similar to the one it ran in the town, Brumadinho. Still, the company, which bought the mining complex in 2001, defended its management of the dam, which had been sitting there, inactive, since 2016.

This article is by Shasta Darlington, James Glanz, Manuela Andreoni, Matthew Bloch, Sergio Peçanha, Anjali Singhvi and Troy Griggs. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/02/09/world/americas/brazil-dam-collapse.html

 

A ideia central do texto é