Questões de Inglês

TEXTO - Lung Cancer In Non Smoker

    A group of respiratory medicine and public health experts are calling for lung cancer in never-smokers to be given greater recognition. Writing in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, they say that lung cancer in people who have never smoked is under recognised and presents a diagnostic challenge, particularly for GPs seeking to balance overinvestigation with early diagnosis and high quality care.
    It is estimated that around 6,000 people in the UK who have never smoked die of lung cancer every year, greater than the numbers of people who die of cervical cancer (900), lymphoma (5,200), leukaemia (4,500) and ovarian cancer (4,200).
    Major contributors to lung cancers in never-smokers include second-hand smoke, occupational carcinogen exposure and outdoor pollution. Globally, the use of solid fuels for indoor cooking and second-hand smoke exposure are important contributions to lung cancer in never-smokers and disproportionately affect women
    Lead author, Professor Paul Cosford, Director for Health Protection & Medical Director, Public Health England, said: "This paper demonstrates an estimated 6,000 people who have never smoked die each year from lung cancer in the UK. This makes it, by itself, the eighth most common cause of cancer related death in the UK.
    "For too long having lung cancer has only been thought of as a smoking related disease. This remains an important association but, as this this work shows, the scale of the challenge means there is a need to raise awareness with clinicians and policy makers of the other risk factors including indoor and outdoor air pollution.
    "This is one reason why PHE published its review of the evidence and recommended specific actions local authorities can take to improve their air quality. By delivering on the promise of a clean air generation we can reduce the number of lung cancers among those who have never smoked."
    Co-author Professor Mick Peake, clinical director of the Centre for Cancer Outcomes, University College London Hospitals Cancer Collaborative, said: "Despite advances in our understanding, most people who have never smoked do not believe they are at risk and often experience long delays in diagnosis, reducing their chances of receiving curative treatment."
    Prof Peake added: "The stigma of smoking has been the major factor behind the lack of interest in, knowledge of and research into lung cancer. Therefore, in many ways, neversmokers who develop lung cancer are, as a result, disadvantaged.
    "Drawing attention to the contribution of underlying risk factors to lung cancer in never-smokers presents opportunities to reinforce efforts to tackle other major public health challenges. For example, the impact of passive smoking and air pollution on lung cancers adds weight to the government's ambitions to improve air quality and the public, clinicians and policy makers must all be aware of this relationship

(Adapted from: www.sciencedaily.com)

Read the options in the sentences below and choose the main goal of the text:

Na frase a seguir, em quais itens o artigo definido “the” deve ser usado, e em quais ele deve ser omitido “Ø”? “(1)____ Jessica Nabongo has visited (2)____ many different and interesting places, including (3)____ United States, (4)____ Philippines, (5)____ Brazil and (6)____ United Kingdom.”

 

Assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia, com atenção, o texto que segue para responder à questão proposta.

 

Jessica Nabongo completes quest to become first black woman to visit every country

Lilit Marcus, CNN • Updated 9th October 2019.

 

    (CNN) –- Some people set records by jumping the highest or running the fastest.
    But for Jessica Nabongo, a UN employee turned travel blogger, it's by becoming the first black woman to visit
every country on Earth.
    She set out to visit all 193 countries in the world in 2016, and on October 6 arrived the last on her list, Seychelles,
[5] according to a post on her Instagram page. She also clocked up a couple of what the UN calls "non-observer status"
territories, taking her total to 195.
    "Welcome to the Seychelles!! Country 195 of 195! So much to say but for now I will just say thank you to this entire
community for all of your support. This was our journey and thanks to all of you who came along for the ride!!," she
wrote.
[10]    Born in Detroit to Ugandan parents and holding two passports, Nabongo's epic odyssey hasn't just been about
getting her name in a record book.
    She's hoping to pave the way for women and people of color to do the same.
    Although she felt like she'd achieved "the American dream" by landing a six-figure job at a pharmaceutical
company after college and buying her own place in the Motor City, the work didn't satisfy her.
[15]    Often, as the only person of color in a crowd, she stood out whether she wanted to or not. Nabongo also has dark
skin and shaves her head.
    To date, there are about 150 known people who have been to every country, the majority of whom are white men
traveling on European passports –- the ones who have the option to "blend in" in more places.
    As of April 2018, there were 193 recognized countries in the United Nations, plus two with "non-observer status".
[20]    Nabongo visited them all. Her passports have stamps from places as far-flung as Nigeria, Cuba, Turkey and Laos.

Disponível em: https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/jessica-nabongo-every-country/index.html. Acesso em: 9 out. 2019. Adaptado. 

Indique a alternativa que expressa o mesmo significado de “She also clocked up a couple of what the UN calls ‘nonobserver status’ territories, taking her total to 195.” (Linhas 5-6)

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia, com atenção, o texto que segue para responder à questão proposta.

 

Jessica Nabongo completes quest to become first black woman to visit every country

Lilit Marcus, CNN • Updated 9th October 2019.

 

    (CNN) –- Some people set records by jumping the highest or running the fastest.
    But for Jessica Nabongo, a UN employee turned travel blogger, it's by becoming the first black woman to visit
every country on Earth.
    She set out to visit all 193 countries in the world in 2016, and on October 6 arrived the last on her list, Seychelles,
[5] according to a post on her Instagram page. She also clocked up a couple of what the UN calls "non-observer status"
territories, taking her total to 195.
    "Welcome to the Seychelles!! Country 195 of 195! So much to say but for now I will just say thank you to this entire
community for all of your support. This was our journey and thanks to all of you who came along for the ride!!," she
wrote.
[10]    Born in Detroit to Ugandan parents and holding two passports, Nabongo's epic odyssey hasn't just been about
getting her name in a record book.
    She's hoping to pave the way for women and people of color to do the same.
    Although she felt like she'd achieved "the American dream" by landing a six-figure job at a pharmaceutical
company after college and buying her own place in the Motor City, the work didn't satisfy her.
[15]    Often, as the only person of color in a crowd, she stood out whether she wanted to or not. Nabongo also has dark
skin and shaves her head.
    To date, there are about 150 known people who have been to every country, the majority of whom are white men
traveling on European passports –- the ones who have the option to "blend in" in more places.
    As of April 2018, there were 193 recognized countries in the United Nations, plus two with "non-observer status".
[20]    Nabongo visited them all. Her passports have stamps from places as far-flung as Nigeria, Cuba, Turkey and Laos.

Disponível em: https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/jessica-nabongo-every-country/index.html. Acesso em: 9 out. 2019. Adaptado. 

A forma CORRETA de linguagem indireta da sentença “[...] I will just say thank you to this entire community for all of your support.” (linhas 7-8) corresponde a:

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto que segue para responder à questão.

 

HIGHLAND LIFE
What is life like for people who live in the Highlands of Scotland?

 

    Scotland, famous for its whisky, its wool, its kilts, and many other fine things, covers about a third of the
territory of Great Britain. Britain has a population of about 64 million inhabitants — yet less than ten per cent of them
now live in Scotland, about 5.3 million people. And most of those 5.3 million people live in or near three urban centres,
Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Dundee.
[5]    In the Highlands, which cover most of Scotland, the population is very thin. In many places — if there is
actually a road — you can drive for over 30 kilometres without seeing any human habitation, except perhaps a solitary
"croft", a small farm. Yet here and there, there are small towns; most of them are beside the sea. They have their
inhabitants and their economic activities, their children and their teenagers.
    This Highlander, in traditional military uniform, is carrying bagpipes, and wearing a kilt. He also has a black
[10] leather sporran.
    What is "a Highlander"?
    If you ask someone to describe a Highlander to you, he will probably come up with the type of image you see
in whisky advertisements. A man wearing a kilt and a sporran, and standing on a misty mountain near a haunted
castle. The man plays the bagpipes, eats porridge and haggis, and drinks whisky. Now while it is true that whisky is
[15] indeed a favourite drink in the Highlands, the rest of the image is a long way from everyday reality.
    Few Highlanders wear the kilt, except on special occasions or for ceremony.
    Clans, Kilts & Tartans
    You can't talk of the Highlands without talking of clans and kilts and tartans. A "clan" is a sort of tribe — a
group of people who belong to the same extended family, or have the same historic origin. In the past, each part of
[20] the Highlands was the territory of a clan. Clans were closely linked communities, each with its own chief. Clans were
— and still are — distinguished by their tartan. A tartan is a specific design, a criss-cross of couloured threads, which
is used for ceremonial clothes, such as the kilt or the plaid.

Disponível em: https://linguapress.com/intermediate/highland-life.htm. Acesso em: 7 out. 2019. Adaptado. 

No excerto “You can't talk of the Highlands without talking of clans and kilts and tartans.” (linha 18), o termo “can’t” transmite a ideia de

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto que segue para responder à questão.

 

HIGHLAND LIFE
What is life like for people who live in the Highlands of Scotland?

 

    Scotland, famous for its whisky, its wool, its kilts, and many other fine things, covers about a third of the
territory of Great Britain. Britain has a population of about 64 million inhabitants — yet less than ten per cent of them
now live in Scotland, about 5.3 million people. And most of those 5.3 million people live in or near three urban centres,
Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Dundee.
[5]    In the Highlands, which cover most of Scotland, the population is very thin. In many places — if there is
actually a road — you can drive for over 30 kilometres without seeing any human habitation, except perhaps a solitary
"croft", a small farm. Yet here and there, there are small towns; most of them are beside the sea. They have their
inhabitants and their economic activities, their children and their teenagers.
    This Highlander, in traditional military uniform, is carrying bagpipes, and wearing a kilt. He also has a black
[10] leather sporran.
    What is "a Highlander"?
    If you ask someone to describe a Highlander to you, he will probably come up with the type of image you see
in whisky advertisements. A man wearing a kilt and a sporran, and standing on a misty mountain near a haunted
castle. The man plays the bagpipes, eats porridge and haggis, and drinks whisky. Now while it is true that whisky is
[15] indeed a favourite drink in the Highlands, the rest of the image is a long way from everyday reality.
    Few Highlanders wear the kilt, except on special occasions or for ceremony.
    Clans, Kilts & Tartans
    You can't talk of the Highlands without talking of clans and kilts and tartans. A "clan" is a sort of tribe — a
group of people who belong to the same extended family, or have the same historic origin. In the past, each part of
[20] the Highlands was the territory of a clan. Clans were closely linked communities, each with its own chief. Clans were
— and still are — distinguished by their tartan. A tartan is a specific design, a criss-cross of couloured threads, which
is used for ceremonial clothes, such as the kilt or the plaid.

Disponível em: https://linguapress.com/intermediate/highland-life.htm. Acesso em: 7 out. 2019. Adaptado. 

No trecho “Britain has a population of about 64 million inhabitants — yet less than ten per cent of them now live in Scotland [g]” (linhas 2-3), a conjunção “yet” pode ser substituída por qual termo, sem que haja mudança de sentido?