Questões de Inglês

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WHY DO WE DREAM?

 

The classic exploration of dreams – the one that pop culture invokes time and time again – is Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams, published in 1899.The founding psychotherapist believed that dreams are our mechanism for living out our most aggressive carnal desires – the urges that we’re not allowed to act on in real life – so that we don’t go insane from repressing them during the day. Though the field of psychoanalysis has largely moved on from Freud, our need to ascribe meaning to our dreams and to master our subconscious renders the Freudian approach compelling to this day

On the other hand, minimalist sleep researchers propose that dreams are devoid of any objective meaning. Harvard psychiatrists J. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley […] argued that dreams are nothing but the side effects of spontaneous activity taking place in the synapses in the brain stem during sleep. In other words, our dreams (and the meanings that we ascribe to them) are nothing but our subjective attempt to reconcile those mental stimuli.

In between these two extremes are a slew of theories that frame dreams as functionally, if not necessarily psychologically, important. Experiments show that dreams help subjects solve problems and puzzles that researchers posed to them before dream sleep. This finding jibes with theories that dreaming is crucial to memory storage, information processing and cleaning out the synaptic garbage that the brain collects as a result of its normal operation. Other research indicates that dreams play an important role in stress relief, a theory supported by a decrease in stress hormones during dream sleep.

Psychologist Deirdre Barrett […] focuses on our least favorite subset of dreams: nightmares. She claims that even these unwelcome dreams once posed the important evolutionary function of focusing attention on the dangers our ancestors faced in everyday life. All these functionalist hypotheses suggest that dreams developed as a function of the mammalian brain in order to fulfill an evolutionary purpose. What that purpose is remains a puzzle. Perhaps we should sleep on it?

Popular Science: 100 Science Mysteries Explained, 2018

The TEXT mentions that pop culture

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The Five Ways to Wellbeing are a wellbeing equivalent of ‘five fruit and vegetables a day’.

 

 

 

 

(Available: http://www.wales.nhs.)

The sentence “Look out, as well as in” (5th box) advices readers to

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The Five Ways to Wellbeing are a wellbeing equivalent of ‘five fruit and vegetables a day’.

 

 

 

 

(Available: http://www.wales.nhs.)

According to the text, to preserve wellbeing it’s important that you

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A: I haven’t seen Marsha for a while.

B: After her baby boy was born, she grew used to _______________.

 

Choose the option to complete the dialogue.

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A: Leah has been overly amiable to me these days.

B: I know ____________________________, the school finals are just around the corner and she needs help.

 

Choose the option to complete the dialogue.

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In the sentence “Should I send you the slides for review, Prof. Galvez?”, the word “should”: