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    Is owning a dog good for your health?

 

    Dogs really are our best friends, according to a Swedish study that says canine ownership could reduce heart disease. A study of 3.4 million people between the ages of 40 and 80 found that having a dog was associated with a 23% reduction in death from heart disease and a 20% lower risk of dying from any cause over the 12 years of the study.

    Previous studies have suggested dogs relieve social isolation and depression – both linked to an increased risk of heart disease and early death. Dog owners show better responses to stress, their blood pressure and pulse rates don’t soar, have higher levels of physical activity and slightly lower cholesterol levels. The American Heart Association was sufficiently swayed by a review of dozens of studies to release a statement in 2013 saying that owning a dog “was probably” associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. Their reluctance to more strongly endorse dog ownership is because most studies are what is called observational – researchers note an association, but can’t prove causation. This means that other factors might explain why dog owners are healthier than, say, goldfish owners – for example, perhaps only people who are fit in the first place buy pets that need daily walks.

    Tove Fall, an epidemiologist and the lead author of this latest study, says they tried their best to allow for any differences in education, existing ill-health and lifestyles between those with and without dogs. The study found the biggest positive impact of having a dog was on people living alone. “It seems that a dog can be a substitute for living with other people in terms of reducing the risk of dying,” says Fall. “Dogs encourage you to walk, they provide social support and they make life more meaningful. If you have a dog, you interact more with other people. If you do get ill and go into hospital and you have a dog, there’s a huge motivation to try to get back home.” Of course, getting a dog and watching it from your sofa while you eat fatty food is not going to reduce your risk of heart disease.

(Luisa Dillner. www.theguardian.com, 04.12.2017. Adaptado.)

According to the text, a new study reveals that dogs

Um levantamento realizado por uma instituição de São Paulo, divulgado em abril de 2018, reforça a percepção de que as relações interpessoais estão cada vez mais influenciadas pela tecnologia: somos uma multidão de pessoas entretidas cada uma em seu celular. De acordo com a pesquisa, o Brasil já conta com mais de um smartphone ativo por habitante. Mais precisamente, ao atingir 220 milhões de celulares inteligentes ativos para uma população de 210 milhões de habitantes, chegamos a uma incrível taxa de, aproximadamente, 1,05 aparelho por pessoa.

 

Se nos próximos 10 anos a população brasileira crescer 8% e o número de smartphones ativos aumentar 21,5%, então a taxa de aparelhos ativos por pessoa terá tido um aumento de

Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto abaixo.

The Real Problem with Fake News

 

Erik Palmer

For years, as I checked out in the grocery store, I saw Bat Boy on the pages of the Weekly World News. That "news" paper is  I being printed, but weeklyworldnews.com exists. According to an article posted on the site in January 2017, Earth was going to collide with the planet Nibiru on October 17, 2017. So I suppose if we were indeed obliterated, you aren't reading this article.

 

My point is that fake news is nothing new. Weekly World News started in 1979, the popular news satire organization The Onion was founded in 1988, and many other tabloids and websites had the similar idea of writing silly news stories for our amusement. No one thought this was real stuff. We all knew it was satire or farce. All of us, right? But how about a story claiming that Hillary Clinton sold weapons to ISIS? Is that fake news? Unlike the Bat Boy story, which is obviously (to most) silly, the Clinton story is part of a new generation of fake news with less benign motives than amusement.

 

It was the 2016 presidential election that brought this less benign type of fake news to everyone's attention. Some made-up stories were getting lots of attention, and some people were worried that the stories were being used to influence voters.

 

Since then, educators have responded to one of the alarms raised by fake news: the relatively easy problem of how to teach students to find the fakes. We have, however, largely ignored the more important and more difficult problem caused by fake news: how to limit skepticism of the media. For every person fooled by a fake story, there may be many more whose trust in the media in general is diminished. Discounting all news means discounting true news, too. And overwhelmingly, most news is true.

(Adapted from www.ascd.org)

De acordo com o texto,

Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto abaixo.

The Real Problem with Fake News

 

Erik Palmer

For years, as I checked out in the grocery store, I saw Bat Boy on the pages of the Weekly World News. That "news" paper is  I being printed, but weeklyworldnews.com exists. According to an article posted on the site in January 2017, Earth was going to collide with the planet Nibiru on October 17, 2017. So I suppose if we were indeed obliterated, you aren't reading this article.

 

My point is that fake news is nothing new. Weekly World News started in 1979, the popular news satire organization The Onion was founded in 1988, and many other tabloids and websites had the similar idea of writing silly news stories for our amusement. No one thought this was real stuff. We all knew it was satire or farce. All of us, right? But how about a story claiming that Hillary Clinton sold weapons to ISIS? Is that fake news? Unlike the Bat Boy story, which is obviously (to most) silly, the Clinton story is part of a new generation of fake news with less benign motives than amusement.

 

It was the 2016 presidential election that brought this less benign type of fake news to everyone's attention. Some made-up stories were getting lots of attention, and some people were worried that the stories were being used to influence voters.

 

Since then, educators have responded to one of the alarms raised by fake news: the relatively easy problem of how to teach students to find the fakes. We have, however, largely ignored the more important and more difficult problem caused by fake news: how to limit skepticism of the media. For every person fooled by a fake story, there may be many more whose trust in the media in general is diminished. Discounting all news means discounting true news, too. And overwhelmingly, most news is true.

(Adapted from www.ascd.org)

Unlike, conforme empregado no texto, pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por

Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto abaixo.

The Real Problem with Fake News

 

Erik Palmer

For years, as I checked out in the grocery store, I saw Bat Boy on the pages of the Weekly World News. That "news" paper is  I being printed, but weeklyworldnews.com exists. According to an article posted on the site in January 2017, Earth was going to collide with the planet Nibiru on October 17, 2017. So I suppose if we were indeed obliterated, you aren't reading this article.

 

My point is that fake news is nothing new. Weekly World News started in 1979, the popular news satire organization The Onion was founded in 1988, and many other tabloids and websites had the similar idea of writing silly news stories for our amusement. No one thought this was real stuff. We all knew it was satire or farce. All of us, right? But how about a story claiming that Hillary Clinton sold weapons to ISIS? Is that fake news? Unlike the Bat Boy story, which is obviously (to most) silly, the Clinton story is part of a new generation of fake news with less benign motives than amusement.

 

It was the 2016 presidential election that brought this less benign type of fake news to everyone's attention. Some made-up stories were getting lots of attention, and some people were worried that the stories were being used to influence voters.

 

Since then, educators have responded to one of the alarms raised by fake news: the relatively easy problem of how to teach students to find the fakes. We have, however, largely ignored the more important and more difficult problem caused by fake news: how to limit skepticism of the media. For every person fooled by a fake story, there may be many more whose trust in the media in general is diminished. Discounting all news means discounting true news, too. And overwhelmingly, most news is true.

(Adapted from www.ascd.org)

A alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna I é

Which of the following quotes by Albert Einstein finds support in the main text?