Questões de Inglês

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LEARN 3000 WORDS with NEWS IN LEVELS

1. If you read and listen to two articles every day, your reading and listening skills can
improve fast. You can learn quickly and after some time you will not have to translate
crcrrecco ++ YOUr OWN language. You will simply understand. Why should you do this?

When you listen to people in your native language, you do not translate. You simply
5. understand. The same has to be in English. When you learn English, you have to learn the
whole sentences ................ context.

Students, who translate English texts, do exercises and do tests are very good ........
translating, doing exercises and doing tests, but they have problems with understanding
English in real life. In real life, nobody waits .......... your translation. People usually use
10. simple English when they speak but they use it fast. You have to understand with no
translation to your native language. If you translate, you cannot be part of communication
because you are thinking about the language too much. These words are maybe hard to
read but they are true.

You also have to hear every new word 5 to 10 times if you want to remember it. That's why
15. we use the same words in one level. If you read and hear the same words again and
again, you will understand them and remember them. If you know words .......... one level,
you can go to a higher level and learn new words. It is important to go step by step, and
read and listen to words which are used in English often. This is what we do with our
news. In our short news, we use words which are used in English often. Level 1 has the
20. 1000 most important words. Level 2 has the 2000 most important words, Level 3 has the
3000 most important words.

So, if you want to understand English fast and learn fast, read two articles or more a day.
You can improve your reading and listening quickly when you read easy English news. We
will help you leam English fast and understand it. When you use this website every day,
25. you can learn 3000 words which you need for communication with anybody in English.

www .newsinlevels.com/products/new-discovery-in-luxor-level-1. Accessed on September 1^st, 2018.

Living longer and feeling better: healthy lifestyle, self-rated health, obesity and depression in Ireland

Janas Harrington Ivan J. Perry Jennifer Lutomski Anthony P. Fitzgerald Frances ShielyHannah McGee Margaret M. Barry Eric Van Lente Karen Morgan Emer Shelley

European Journal of Public Health, Volume 20, Issue 1, 1 February 2010, Pages 91- 95,https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckp102.( Accessed on August 22º, 2018.)

Text

Published: 18 September 2009

Abstract

Background: The combination of four protective lifestyle behaviours (being physically active, a
non-smoker, a moderate alcohol consumer and having adequate fruit and vegetable intake) has
been estimated to increase life expectancy by 14 years. However, the effect of adopting these lifestyle behaviours on general health, obesity and mental health is less defined. We examined the combined effect of these behaviours on self-rated health, overweight/obesity and depression.

Methods: Using data from the Survey of Lifestyle Attitudes and Nutrition (SLÁN) 2007 (), a protective lifestyle behaviour (PLB) score was constructed for 10 364 men and women (>18 years), and representative of the Republic of Ireland adult population (response rate 62%). Respondents scored a maximum of four points, one point each for being physically active, consuming five or more fruit and vegetable servings daily, a non-smoker and a moderate drinker.

Results: One-fifth of respondents (20%) adopted four PLBs, 35% adopted three, 29% two, 13% one and 2% adopted none. Compared to those with zero PLBs, those with four were seven times more likely to rate their general health as excellent/very good [OR 6.8 95% CI (3.64- 12.82)] and four times more likely to have better mental health [OR 4.4 95% CI (2.34-8.22)].

Conclusions: Adoption of core protective lifestyle factors known to increase life expectancy is associated with positive self-rated health, healthier weight and better mental health. These
lifestyles have the potential to add quality and quantity to life.

Key words: lifestyle behaviours, self-rated, health, obesity, depression, protective factors. Topic: ethanol, obesity, physical activity, smoking, depressive disorders, fruit, Ireland, life style, mental health, vegetables, overweight, feelings. Issue Section: Lifestyle and living conditions

Living longer and feeling better: healthy lifestyle, self-rated health, obesity and depression in Ireland

Janas Harrington Ivan J. Perry Jennifer Lutomski Anthony P. Fitzgerald Frances ShielyHannah McGee Margaret M. Barry Eric Van Lente Karen Morgan Emer Shelley

European Journal of Public Health, Volume 20, Issue 1, 1 February 2010, Pages 91- 95,https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckp102.( Accessed on August 22º, 2018.)

Text

Published: 18 September 2009

Abstract

Background: The combination of four protective lifestyle behaviours (being physically active, a
non-smoker, a moderate alcohol consumer and having adequate fruit and vegetable intake) has
been estimated to increase life expectancy by 14 years. However, the effect of adopting these lifestyle behaviours on general health, obesity and mental health is less defined. We examined the combined effect of these behaviours on self-rated health, overweight/obesity and depression.

Methods: Using data from the Survey of Lifestyle Attitudes and Nutrition (SLÁN) 2007 (), a protective lifestyle behaviour (PLB) score was constructed for 10 364 men and women (>18 years), and representative of the Republic of Ireland adult population (response rate 62%). Respondents scored a maximum of four points, one point each for being physically active, consuming five or more fruit and vegetable servings daily, a non-smoker and a moderate drinker.

Results: One-fifth of respondents (20%) adopted four PLBs, 35% adopted three, 29% two, 13% one and 2% adopted none. Compared to those with zero PLBs, those with four were seven times more likely to rate their general health as excellent/very good [OR 6.8 95% CI (3.64- 12.82)] and four times more likely to have better mental health [OR 4.4 95% CI (2.34-8.22)].

Conclusions: Adoption of core protective lifestyle factors known to increase life expectancy is associated with positive self-rated health, healthier weight and better mental health. These
lifestyles have the potential to add quality and quantity to life.

Key words: lifestyle behaviours, self-rated, health, obesity, depression, protective factors. Topic: ethanol, obesity, physical activity, smoking, depressive disorders, fruit, Ireland, life style, mental health, vegetables, overweight, feelings. Issue Section: Lifestyle and living conditions

Living longer and feeling better: healthy lifestyle, self-rated health, obesity and depression in Ireland

Janas Harrington Ivan J. Perry Jennifer Lutomski Anthony P. Fitzgerald Frances ShielyHannah McGee Margaret M. Barry Eric Van Lente Karen Morgan Emer Shelley

European Journal of Public Health, Volume 20, Issue 1, 1 February 2010, Pages 91- 95,https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckp102.( Accessed on August 22º, 2018.)

Text

Published: 18 September 2009

Abstract

Background: The combination of four protective lifestyle behaviours (being physically active, a
non-smoker, a moderate alcohol consumer and having adequate fruit and vegetable intake) has
been estimated to increase life expectancy by 14 years. However, the effect of adopting these lifestyle behaviours on general health, obesity and mental health is less defined. We examined the combined effect of these behaviours on self-rated health, overweight/obesity and depression.

Methods: Using data from the Survey of Lifestyle Attitudes and Nutrition (SLÁN) 2007 (), a protective lifestyle behaviour (PLB) score was constructed for 10 364 men and women (>18 years), and representative of the Republic of Ireland adult population (response rate 62%). Respondents scored a maximum of four points, one point each for being physically active, consuming five or more fruit and vegetable servings daily, a non-smoker and a moderate drinker.

Results: One-fifth of respondents (20%) adopted four PLBs, 35% adopted three, 29% two, 13% one and 2% adopted none. Compared to those with zero PLBs, those with four were seven times more likely to rate their general health as excellent/very good [OR 6.8 95% CI (3.64- 12.82)] and four times more likely to have better mental health [OR 4.4 95% CI (2.34-8.22)].

Conclusions: Adoption of core protective lifestyle factors known to increase life expectancy is associated with positive self-rated health, healthier weight and better mental health. These
lifestyles have the potential to add quality and quantity to life.

Key words: lifestyle behaviours, self-rated, health, obesity, depression, protective factors. Topic: ethanol, obesity, physical activity, smoking, depressive disorders, fruit, Ireland, life style, mental health, vegetables, overweight, feelings. Issue Section: Lifestyle and living conditions

This is how democracies die

by Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt Sun 21 Jan 2018

Blatant dictatorship – in the form of fascism, communism, or military rule – has disappeared across much of the world. Military coups and other violent seizures of power are rare. Most countries hold regular elections. Democracies still die, but by different means.

Since the end of the Cold War, most democratic breakdowns have been caused not by generals and soldiers but by elected governments themselves. Like Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, elected leaders have subverted democratic institutions in Georgia, Hungary, Nicaragua, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Russia, Sri Lanka, Turkey and Ukraine.

Democratic backsliding today begins at the ballot box. The electoral road to breakdown is dangerously deceptive. With a classic coup d’état, as in Pinochet’s Chile, the death of a democracy is immediate and evident to all. The presidential palace burns. The president is killed, imprisoned or shipped off into exile. The constitution is suspended or scrapped.

On the electoral road, none of these things happen. There are no tanks in the streets. Constitutions and other nominally democratic institutions remain in place. People still vote. Elected autocrats maintain a veneer of democracy while eviscerating its substance.

Many government efforts to subvert democracy are “legal”, in the sense that they are approved by the legislature or accepted by the courts. They may even be portrayed as efforts to improve democracy – making the judiciary more efficient, combating corruption or cleaning up the electoral process.

Newspapers still publish but are bought off or bullied into self-censorship. Citizens continue to criticize the government but often find themselves facing tax or other legal troubles. This sows public confusion. People do not immediately realize what is happening. Many continue to believe they are living under a democracy.

Because there is no single moment – no coup, declaration of martial law, or suspension of the constitution – in which the regime obviously “crosses the line” into dictatorship, nothing may set off society’s alarm bells. Those who denounce government abuse may be dismissed as exaggerating or crying wolf. Democracy’s erosion is, for many, almost imperceptible.

Disponível em https://www.theguardian.com/usnews/commentisfree/2018/jan/21/this-is-how-democracies-die. Acesso em outubro de 2018.

Trial runs for fascism are in full flow

Fintan O'Toole Last Updated: Tuesday, June 26, 2018, 05:00

To grasp what is going on in the world right now, we need to reflect on two things. One is that we are in a phase of trial runs. The other is that what is being trialled is fascism – a word that should be used carefully but not shirked when it is so clearly on the horizon. Forget “postfascist” – what we are living with is pre-fascism.

    It is easy to dismiss Donald Trump as an ignoramus, not least because he is. But he has an acute understanding of one thing: test marketing. He created himself in the gossip pages of the New York tabloids, where celebrity is manufactured by planting outrageous stories that you can later confirm or deny depending on how they go down. And he recreated himself in reality TV where the storylines can be adjusted according to the ratings. Put something out there, pull it back, adjust, GO again.

    Fascism doesn’t arise suddenly in an existing democracy. It is not easy to get people to give up their ideas of freedom and civility. You have to do trial runs that, if they are done well, serve two purposes. They get people used to something they may initially recoil from; and they allow you to refine and calibrate. This is what is happening now and we would be fools not to see it.

    One of the basic tools of fascism is the rigging of elections – we’ve seen that trialled in the election of Trump, in the Brexit referendum and (less successfully) in the French presidential elections. Another is the generation of tribal identities, the division of society into mutually exclusive polarities. Fascism does not need a majority – it typically comes to power with about 40 per cent support and then uses control and intimidation to consolidate that power. So it doesn’t matter if most people hate you, as long as your 40 per cent is fanatically committed. That’s been tested out too. And fascism of course needs a propaganda machine so effective that it creates for its followers a universe of “alternative facts” impervious to unwanted realities. Again, the testing for this is very far advanced.

    But when you’ve done all this, there is a crucial next step, usually the trickiest of all. You have to undermine moral boundaries, inure people to the acceptance of acts of extreme cruelty. Like hounds, people have to be blooded. They have to be given the taste for savagery. Fascism does this by building up the sense of threat from a despised out-group. This allows the members of that group to be dehumanized. Once that has been achieved, you can gradually up the ante, working through the stages from breaking windows to extermination.

    It is this next step that is being test-marketed now. It is being done in Italy by the far-right leader and minister for the interior Matteo Salvini. How would it go down if we turn away boatloads of refugees? Let’s do a screening of the rough-cut of registering all the Roma and see what buttons the audience will press. And it has been trialled by Trump: let’s see how my fans feel about crying babies in cages.

    To see, as most commentary has done, the deliberate traumatisation of migrant children as a “mistake” by Trump is culpable naivety. It is a trial run – and the trial has been a huge success. Trump’s claim last week that immigrants “infest” the US is a test-marketing of whether his fans are ready for the next step-up in language, which is of course “vermin”. And the generation of images of toddlers being dragged from their parents is a test of whether those words can be turned into sounds and pictures. It was always an experiment – it ended (but only in part) because the results were in. And the results are quite satisfactory. There is good news on two fronts. First, Rupert Murdoch is happy with it – his Fox News mouthpieces outdid themselves in barbaric crassness: making animal noises at the mention of a Down syndrome child, describing crying children as actors.

    This is greatly encouraging for the pre-fascist agenda. The blooding process has begun within the democratic world. The muscles that the propaganda machines need for defending the indefensible are being toned up. Millions and millions of Europeans and Americans are learning to think the unthinkable. So what if those black people drown in the sea? So what if those brown toddlers are scarred for life? They have already, in their minds, crossed the boundaries of morality. But the tests will be refined, the results analysed, the methods perfected, the messages sharpened. And then the deeds can follow.

Adaptado de: https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/fintan-o-toole-trialruns-for-fascism-are-in-full-flow-1.3543375. Acesso em: 11/10/2018