Questões de Inglês

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

 

    Scientists have long touted DNA’s potential as an ideal storage medium; it’s dense, easy to replicate, and stable over millennia. But in order to replace existing silicon‐chip or magnetic‐tape storage technologies, DNA will have to get a lot cheaper to predictably read, write, and package.

    That’s where scientists like Hyunjun Park come in. He and the other cofounders of Catalog, an MIT DNA‐storage spinoff emerging out of stealth on Tuesday, are building a machine that will write a terabyte of data a day, using 500 trillion molecules of DNA.  

    If successful, DNA storage could be the answer to a uniquely 21st‐century problem: information overload. Five years ago humans had produced 4.4 zettabytes of data; that's set to explode to 160 zettabytes (each year!) by 2025. Current infrastructure can handle only a fraction of the coming data deluge, which is expected to consume all the world's microchip‐grade silicon by 2040.

    “Today’s technology is already close to the physical limits of scaling,” says Victor Zhirnov, chief scientist of the Semiconductor Research Corporation. “DNA has an information‐storage density several orders of magnitude higher than any other known storage technology.”

    How dense exactly? Imagine formatting every movie ever made into DNA; it would be smaller than the size of a sugar cube. And it would last for 10,000 years.

Wired, June, 2018. Disponível em https://www.wired.com/. Adaptado.

Afirma‐se no texto que, no futuro, a tecnologia de gravação em moléculas de DNA

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

 

    Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency.

    Research released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systemsto many queries – including outright abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women as subservient.

    “Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager‐to‐ please helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, the report said.

    “The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment.”

    The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri assistant offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will respond: “Well, thanks for the feedback.”

    The papersaid such firms were “staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch‐me‐if‐you‐can flirtation”.

    Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.”

The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado.

De acordo com o texto, na opinião de Saniye Gülser Corat, tecnologias que envolvem Inteligência Artificial, entre outros aspectos,

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

 

    Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency.

    Research released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systemsto many queries – including outright abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women as subservient.

    “Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager‐to‐ please helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, the report said.

    “The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment.”

    The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri assistant offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will respond: “Well, thanks for the feedback.”

    The papersaid such firms were “staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch‐me‐if‐you‐can flirtation”.

    Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.”

The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado.

Segundo o texto, o título do relatório publicado pela Unesco ‐ “I´d Blush if I Could” ‐, no que diz respeito aos assistentes digitais, indica

As possíveis soluções, em polegadas (inches, em inglês), para o problema matemático proposto no quadrinho, no caso em que os pontos A, B e C estão em uma mesma reta, são

INSTRUÇÃO: Responder às questão com base nos textos 1 e 2.

 

TEXT 1

 

Crazy Rich Asians: the first all-Asian Hollywood film in 25 years.

 

Based on Kevin Kwan’s 2013 best-selling novel, the
movie Crazy Rich Asians _____ its inspiration from the
writer’s elite upbringing in Singapore: his grandfather
helped invent Chinese cure-all Tiger Balm, and as a kid
[5] Kevin bred exotic fish that now sell for up to $300,000
each. It is a story about a romantic relationship between
two New York University professors. After dating for
two years, Nick Young (Henry Golding) _____ Rachel
Chu (Constance Wu) to his native Singapore to meet
[10] his family. Once there, Rachel _____ that Nick is
the highly sought-after heir to an enormous fortune,
and any prospect of a future with Rachel in it sparks
jealousy, sabotage and bullying. The “crazy” wealth
of Nick’s family is on an extreme scale: cruise ships
[15] with multiple pools, climate-controlled closets, and
more private planes than cars. But the film’s exotic
flowers and million-dollar gems have been eclipsed by
a far weightier conversation. There is a lack of major
Hollywood roles available to Asian-American actors.
[20] They are given less than 5% of speaking parts: either
because the roles haven’t been written, or they are
marginal.

 

Director Jon M Chu’s film has already become a
beacon for representation by also exploring the
[25] dynamic that Asian-Americans never feel wholly Asian
or American. His audition announcement calling for
aspiring actors read: “especially for Asian characters
of different shapes, sizes and talents.” “We just really
wanted to open up the process because we know
[30] how hard it is to get in the door”, he said. Asian
actors have struggled to gain visibility in the United
States, an issue cemented in 1930 when Hollywood
enforced the Hays Code, a list of restrictions to keep
films “wholesome” and “moral”. Hollywood may have
[35] stopped enforcing the Hays Code 50 years ago, but
its traditional whitewashing refuses to die. Indeed, one
of the first producers interested in Crazy Rich Asians
asked whether some roles, including Constance Wu’s
Rachel Chu, could be rewritten as Caucasian.

 

[40] There is a moral imperative among Asian-Americans
to see Crazy Rich Asians. “It’s not a movie, it’s a
movement,” according to Chu. It feels as if viewers
must demonstrate the demand for their stories on
screen – otherwise, another movie boasting an
[45] all-Asian cast might not happen in Hollywood for
yet another 25 years. However, Chu’s film feels

revolutionary in the way it turns a culture clash into a
date-night movie that actually features an Asian couple.
“I know this film won’t represent every Asian American,”
[50] Constance Wu tweeted on 31 July. “So for those who
don’t feel seen, I hope there is a story you find soon
that does represent you. I am rooting for you. We’re
not all the same, but we all have a story.”

Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/aug/11/ crazy-rich-asians-movie-kevin-kwan-jon-m chu-constance-wu

 

TEXT 2

 

THE BOOK COVER

Analyze the meaning of the structures below, from texts 1 and 2, and select the alternative that presents an INCORRECT explanation.

INSTRUÇÃO: Responder às questão com base nos textos 1 e 2.

 

TEXT 1

 

Crazy Rich Asians: the first all-Asian Hollywood film in 25 years.

 

Based on Kevin Kwan’s 2013 best-selling novel, the
movie Crazy Rich Asians _____ its inspiration from the
writer’s elite upbringing in Singapore: his grandfather
helped invent Chinese cure-all Tiger Balm, and as a kid
[5] Kevin bred exotic fish that now sell for up to $300,000
each. It is a story about a romantic relationship between
two New York University professors. After dating for
two years, Nick Young (Henry Golding) _____ Rachel
Chu (Constance Wu) to his native Singapore to meet
[10] his family. Once there, Rachel _____ that Nick is
the highly sought-after heir to an enormous fortune,
and any prospect of a future with Rachel in it sparks
jealousy, sabotage and bullying. The “crazy” wealth
of Nick’s family is on an extreme scale: cruise ships
[15] with multiple pools, climate-controlled closets, and
more private planes than cars. But the film’s exotic
flowers and million-dollar gems have been eclipsed by
a far weightier conversation. There is a lack of major
Hollywood roles available to Asian-American actors.
[20] They are given less than 5% of speaking parts: either
because the roles haven’t been written, or they are
marginal.

 

Director Jon M Chu’s film has already become a
beacon for representation by also exploring the
[25] dynamic that Asian-Americans never feel wholly Asian
or American. His audition announcement calling for
aspiring actors read: “especially for Asian characters
of different shapes, sizes and talents.” “We just really
wanted to open up the process because we know
[30] how hard it is to get in the door”, he said. Asian
actors have struggled to gain visibility in the United
States, an issue cemented in 1930 when Hollywood
enforced the Hays Code, a list of restrictions to keep
films “wholesome” and “moral”. Hollywood may have
[35] stopped enforcing the Hays Code 50 years ago, but
its traditional whitewashing refuses to die. Indeed, one
of the first producers interested in Crazy Rich Asians
asked whether some roles, including Constance Wu’s
Rachel Chu, could be rewritten as Caucasian.

 

[40] There is a moral imperative among Asian-Americans
to see Crazy Rich Asians. “It’s not a movie, it’s a
movement,” according to Chu. It feels as if viewers
must demonstrate the demand for their stories on
screen – otherwise, another movie boasting an
[45] all-Asian cast might not happen in Hollywood for
yet another 25 years. However, Chu’s film feels

revolutionary in the way it turns a culture clash into a
date-night movie that actually features an Asian couple.
“I know this film won’t represent every Asian American,”
[50] Constance Wu tweeted on 31 July. “So for those who
don’t feel seen, I hope there is a story you find soon
that does represent you. I am rooting for you. We’re
not all the same, but we all have a story.”

Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/aug/11/ crazy-rich-asians-movie-kevin-kwan-jon-m chu-constance-wu

 

TEXT 2

 

THE BOOK COVER

Analyze the sentences below, considering the content of both texts.

 

I. The cover of the book’s first printing is not the one shown in text 2.

II. The information at the bottom of the cover is a quote of a character from the book.

III. Crazy rich people are on a higher level of wealth than filthy rich people.

 

The correct statement(s) is/are