Questões de Inglês

Read the text carefully.

 

BENEFICIAL SKIN BACTERIA PROTECT AGAINST SKIN CANCER

Date: March 1, 2018

Source: University of California - San Diego

 

    Science continues to peel away layers of the skin microbiome to reveal its protective properties. In a study published in Science Advances on February 28, 2018, University of California San Diego School of Medicine researchers report a potential new role for some bacteria on the skin: protecting against cancer.

 

    ¹ "We have identified a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis, common on healthy human skin, that exerts a selective ability to inhibit the growth of some cancers," said Richard Gallo, MD, PhD, Distinguished Professor and chair of the Department of Dermatology at UC San Diego School of Medicine. "This unique strain of skin bacteria produces a chemical that kills several types of cancer cells but does not appear to be toxic to normal cells."

 

    The team discovered the S. epidermidis strain produces the chemical compound 6-N-hydroxyaminopurine (6-HAP). Mice with S. epidermidis on their skin that did not ²make 6-HAP had many skin tumors after being exposed to cancer-causing ultraviolet rays (UV), but mice with the S. epidermidis strain ³producing 6-HAP did not.

 

    6-HAP is a molecule that impairs the creation of DNA, known as DNA synthesis, and prevents the spread of transformed tumor cells as well as the potential to suppress development of UV-induced skin tumors.

 

    Mice that received intravenous injections of 6-HAP every 48 hours over a two-week period experienced no apparent toxic effects, but when transplanted with melanoma cells, their tumor size was suppressed by more than 50 percent compared to controls.

 

    "There is ⁴ increasing evidence that the skin microbiome is an important element of human health. In fact, 5we previously reported that some bacteria on our skin produce antimicrobial peptides that defend against pathogenic bacteria such as, Staphylococcus aureus," said Gallo.

 

    In the case of S. epidermidis, it appears to also be adding a layer of protection against some forms of cancer, said Gallo. Further studies are needed to understand how 6-HAP is produced, if it can be used for prevention of cancer or if loss of 6-HAP increases cancer risk, said Gallo.

 

    More than 1 million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year. More than 95 percent of these are non-melanoma skin cancer, which is typically caused by overexposure to the sun's UV rays. Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer that starts in the pigment- producing skin cells, called melanocytes.

Adapted from: . Access in: 20/08/2019 (Adapted).

Based on the text Beneficial skin bacteria protect against skin cancer, choose the alternative with the correct information.

Read the infographic carefully.

Retrieved from: http:/Awww.infographicazone.comheaitivtop-10-cancer-infographics. Access in: 20/08/2019 (Adapted).

 

Analyze the infographic about skin cancer and answer, what is the percentage difference about the incidence of melanoma between men and women?

Text

 

The Carnival is celebrated ……………..Brazil every year, 46 days before the Easter
festival. Carnival is derived from the word carnelevare, which literally translates to
"removal of meat". The roots of the festival are believed to be in the tradition of Roman
Catholics when they abstained ……………meat and alcohol ……….certain days as a
[5] method to drive away bad things from their life.

 

The Carnival in Brazil as we know it today is believed to have originated during the
European dominated era. Back then, followers of the Roman Catholic Church would
indulge in last day of dance, fun, alcohol and sex just before the start of Lent, which is
a period of abstinence from alcohol and other sins. Back then, people would exchange
[10] clothes and indulge in wild dancing, and it also sometimes coincided with exchange of
slaves.

 

Carnivals are celebrated in many countries but the one in Brazil is most famous.
Different cities of Brazil have their own way of celebrating this week long festival of
revelry and fun. However, the most famous carnival is that …………Rio de Janeiro.
[15] Thousands of people throng the Sambodromo stadium in the city. Often wearing
masks and colorful costumes, they dance to the beats of drums and music, Samba
being the most prevalent form of dancing here.

 

A major parade with beautifully dressed samba dancers atop a decorated moving
vehicle goes through the stadium as hundreds of people keep joining the parade as
[20] the parade makes its way.

 

Another city which is famous for its Carnival in Brazil is Salvador de Bahia. The
original capital in Brazil, carnival is celebrated a little differently here. Street carnival is
celebrated in this city rather than having a stadium as a venue …………the parade.
Thousands of people throng the streets from early dawn and dance their way through
[25] the city till late evenings. Carnival in Salvador also lasts a little longer than in Rio.

 

Carnival in Brazil is a major holiday when people shut shops and come ……..on the
streets to celebrate life. The festival is organized by various samba schools in the
country which are also involved in various community services. Even people with two
left feet can be seen enjoying this festival in its full splendor.

Available at: www.calendarlabs.com/holidays/brazil/carnival. Accessed on March 25th, 2019.

Mark true (T) or false (F) for the sentences below.

 

1. ( ) Carnival takes places in only two cities in Brazil.

2. ( ) Few people climb on decorated moving vehicles.

3. ( ) Carnival is said to happen on the early days of Lent.

4. ( ) Thousands of people go out to celebrate Carnival with their costumes.

5. ( ) This tradition of Carnival is part of Roman Catholics traditions.

 

Mark the correct alternative with the consecutive order, from top to bottom.

Text

 

The Carnival is celebrated ……………..Brazil every year, 46 days before the Easter
festival. Carnival is derived from the word carnelevare, which literally translates to
"removal of meat". The roots of the festival are believed to be in the tradition of Roman
Catholics when they abstained ……………meat and alcohol ……….certain days as a
[5] method to drive away bad things from their life.

 

The Carnival in Brazil as we know it today is believed to have originated during the
European dominated era. Back then, followers of the Roman Catholic Church would
indulge in last day of dance, fun, alcohol and sex just before the start of Lent, which is
a period of abstinence from alcohol and other sins. Back then, people would exchange
[10] clothes and indulge in wild dancing, and it also sometimes coincided with exchange of
slaves.

 

Carnivals are celebrated in many countries but the one in Brazil is most famous.
Different cities of Brazil have their own way of celebrating this week long festival of
revelry and fun. However, the most famous carnival is that …………Rio de Janeiro.
[15] Thousands of people throng the Sambodromo stadium in the city. Often wearing
masks and colorful costumes, they dance to the beats of drums and music, Samba
being the most prevalent form of dancing here.

 

A major parade with beautifully dressed samba dancers atop a decorated moving
vehicle goes through the stadium as hundreds of people keep joining the parade as
[20] the parade makes its way.

 

Another city which is famous for its Carnival in Brazil is Salvador de Bahia. The
original capital in Brazil, carnival is celebrated a little differently here. Street carnival is
celebrated in this city rather than having a stadium as a venue …………the parade.
Thousands of people throng the streets from early dawn and dance their way through
[25] the city till late evenings. Carnival in Salvador also lasts a little longer than in Rio.

 

Carnival in Brazil is a major holiday when people shut shops and come ……..on the
streets to celebrate life. The festival is organized by various samba schools in the
country which are also involved in various community services. Even people with two
left feet can be seen enjoying this festival in its full splendor.

Available at: www.calendarlabs.com/holidays/brazil/carnival. Accessed on March 25th, 2019.

Mark the correct alternative.

Text

 

The Carnival is celebrated ……………..Brazil every year, 46 days before the Easter
festival. Carnival is derived from the word carnelevare, which literally translates to
"removal of meat". The roots of the festival are believed to be in the tradition of Roman
Catholics when they abstained ……………meat and alcohol ……….certain days as a
[5] method to drive away bad things from their life.

 

The Carnival in Brazil as we know it today is believed to have originated during the
European dominated era. Back then, followers of the Roman Catholic Church would
indulge in last day of dance, fun, alcohol and sex just before the start of Lent, which is
a period of abstinence from alcohol and other sins. Back then, people would exchange
[10] clothes and indulge in wild dancing, and it also sometimes coincided with exchange of
slaves.

 

Carnivals are celebrated in many countries but the one in Brazil is most famous.
Different cities of Brazil have their own way of celebrating this week long festival of
revelry and fun. However, the most famous carnival is that …………Rio de Janeiro.
[15] Thousands of people throng the Sambodromo stadium in the city. Often wearing
masks and colorful costumes, they dance to the beats of drums and music, Samba
being the most prevalent form of dancing here.

 

A major parade with beautifully dressed samba dancers atop a decorated moving
vehicle goes through the stadium as hundreds of people keep joining the parade as
[20] the parade makes its way.

 

Another city which is famous for its Carnival in Brazil is Salvador de Bahia. The
original capital in Brazil, carnival is celebrated a little differently here. Street carnival is
celebrated in this city rather than having a stadium as a venue …………the parade.
Thousands of people throng the streets from early dawn and dance their way through
[25] the city till late evenings. Carnival in Salvador also lasts a little longer than in Rio.

 

Carnival in Brazil is a major holiday when people shut shops and come ……..on the
streets to celebrate life. The festival is organized by various samba schools in the
country which are also involved in various community services. Even people with two
left feet can be seen enjoying this festival in its full splendor.

Available at: www.calendarlabs.com/holidays/brazil/carnival. Accessed on March 25th, 2019.

Mark the correct alternative which contains the right meaning of the words.

Text

 

The Carnival is celebrated ……………..Brazil every year, 46 days before the Easter
festival. Carnival is derived from the word carnelevare, which literally translates to
"removal of meat". The roots of the festival are believed to be in the tradition of Roman
Catholics when they abstained ……………meat and alcohol ……….certain days as a
[5] method to drive away bad things from their life.

 

The Carnival in Brazil as we know it today is believed to have originated during the
European dominated era. Back then, followers of the Roman Catholic Church would
indulge in last day of dance, fun, alcohol and sex just before the start of Lent, which is
a period of abstinence from alcohol and other sins. Back then, people would exchange
[10] clothes and indulge in wild dancing, and it also sometimes coincided with exchange of
slaves.

 

Carnivals are celebrated in many countries but the one in Brazil is most famous.
Different cities of Brazil have their own way of celebrating this week long festival of
revelry and fun. However, the most famous carnival is that …………Rio de Janeiro.
[15] Thousands of people throng the Sambodromo stadium in the city. Often wearing
masks and colorful costumes, they dance to the beats of drums and music, Samba
being the most prevalent form of dancing here.

 

A major parade with beautifully dressed samba dancers atop a decorated moving
vehicle goes through the stadium as hundreds of people keep joining the parade as
[20] the parade makes its way.

 

Another city which is famous for its Carnival in Brazil is Salvador de Bahia. The
original capital in Brazil, carnival is celebrated a little differently here. Street carnival is
celebrated in this city rather than having a stadium as a venue …………the parade.
Thousands of people throng the streets from early dawn and dance their way through
[25] the city till late evenings. Carnival in Salvador also lasts a little longer than in Rio.

 

Carnival in Brazil is a major holiday when people shut shops and come ……..on the
streets to celebrate life. The festival is organized by various samba schools in the
country which are also involved in various community services. Even people with two
left feet can be seen enjoying this festival in its full splendor.

Available at: www.calendarlabs.com/holidays/brazil/carnival. Accessed on March 25th, 2019.

Mark the right alternative which contains the correct prepositions to fill the blank spaces consecutively.