Questões de Inglês

Equity is about giving people what they need, in order to make things fair. This is not the same as equality, social justice, nor is it the same as inequality. It is giving more to those who need it, which is proportionate to their own circumstances, in order to ensure that everyone has the same opportunities; for example providing more support to a disadvantaged student so they can reach their full potential.

(Adaptado de https://social-change.co.uk/blog/2019-03-29-equality-and-equity; https://cx.report/2020/06/02/equity/. Acessado em 22/07/2020.)

Sabemos que esses conceitos são complexos. Diante disso, o designer Tony Ruth os representou graficamente, como ilustram as figuras a seguir.

Assinale a alternativa que mais se aproxima do conceito destacado no trecho anterior.

Reproduz-se abaixo uma carta do poeta inglês John Keats a sua amada Fanny Brawne.

Sweetest Fanny,

When you passed my window home yesterday, I was filled with as much admiration as if I had then seen you for the first time. You uttered a half complaint once that I only loved your Beauty. Have I nothing else then to love in you but that? Do not I see your heart? Nothing has been able to turn your thoughts a moment from me. Even if you did not love me I could not help an entire devotion to you: how much more deeply then must I feel for you knowing you love me. My Mind has been the most discontented and restless one that ever was put into a body too small for it. I never felt my Mind repose upon anything with complete and undistracted enjoyment – upon no person but you. When you are in the room my thoughts never fly out of window: you always concentrate my whole senses.

Your affectionate,
J. Keats

(Adaptado de http://www.john-keats.com/briefe/. Acessado em 25/08/20.)

O autor da carta

All aboard the flat earth cruise – just don’t tell them about nautical navigation

A group of people who believe the Earth is flat have announced their “boldest adventure yet”: a Flat Earth cruise scheduled for 2020. Flat earthers will enjoy swimming pools and perhaps even an artificial surf wave. There’s just one problem for those celebrating the flatness of the Earth. The navigational systems cruise ships, and other vessels, use rely on the fact that the Earth is not flat. “Nautical charts are designed with that in mind: that the Earth is round. GPS relies on 24 main satellites which orbit the Earth to provide positional and navigational information. The reason why 24 satellites were used is because of the curvature of the Earth,” said Henk Keijer, a former cruise ship captain who sailed all over the globe during a 23-year career. “At least three satellites are required to determine a position. But someone located on the other side of the Earth would also like to know their position, so they also require a certain number of satellites. Had the Earth been flat, a total of three satellites would have been enough to provide this information to everyone on Earth. But it is not enough, because the Earth is round.”

(Adaptado de https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/jan/09/flat-earth-cruisenautical-navigation. Acessado em 20/08/2020.)

A respeito do fato noticiado, o autor do texto ressalta

Apresenta-se, a seguir, um artigo de opinião, seguido da resposta de uma leitora.

IS BURNOUT REAL?

Last week, the World Health Organization upgraded burnout from a “state” of exhaustion to “a syndrome” resulting from “chronic workplace stress” in its International Disease Classification. That is such a broad definition that it could well apply to most people at some point in their working lives. When a disorder is reportedly so widespread, it makes me wonder whether we are at risk of medicalizing everyday distress. If almost everyone suffers from burnout, then no one does, and the concept loses all credibility.

By Richard A. Friedman

I'm sure the author's generation also experienced workplace stress. However, his generation also experienced real economic stability and socioeconomic gains. There was a light at the end of the tunnel. Currently, we are working tirelessly towards what ends? There doesn't seem to be a light at the end of the tunnel. The burnout is psychological and existential as much as it is physical.

Anna B. – New York, June 4, 2019
(Adaptado de https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/03/opinion/burnout-stress.html. Acessado em 16/09/2020.)

Em seu comentário, a leitora Anna B. discorda do autor do texto quanto à

Em uma entrevista, a escritora nigeriana Ayobami Adebayo refletiu sobre os personagens principais (Yejide e Akin) e o contexto sociopolítico de seu romance Stay With Me.

While writing, I also started thinking about the middle class in Nigeria. When Yejide visits her mother-in-law, there’s a very low fence in front of their house. It’s barely a fence. When Yejide and Akin build their own house in the early nineties, they erect a fence that’s higher than the house. You can’t see inside. That was something I observed about architecture in Nigeria—that at some point, probably in the eighties and nineties, when things became quite turbulent and there was all of this insecurity, one of the ways the people who could afford to insulate themselves against what was going on did was to build higher fences, to use money as a shield in a sense. I wanted that political turbulence to play in the background.

(Adaptado de https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2017/08/08/great-expectations-interview-ayobami-adebayo/. Acessado em 21/07/2020.)

Segundo a autora, as casas e as cercas na Nigéria representam

No livro Sapiens: A brief history of humankind, do autor Yuval Noah Harari, há o seguinte trecho:

    Like it or not, we are members of a large and particularly noisy family called the great apes. Our closest living relatives include chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans. The chimpanzees are the closest. Just 6 million years ago, a single female ape had two daughters. One became the ancestor of all chimpanzees, the other is our own grandmother.

(Sapiens: A brief history of humankind, 2014.)

Em trecho anterior, o autor indica que o surgimento de organismos vivos data de 3,8 bilhões de anos atrás. Comparada a essa informação anterior, a expressão “Just 6 million years ago”, presente no trecho transcrito, justifica-se por indicar que a origem da espécie humana é _______, pois corresponde a _______ do período do surgimento dos organismos vivos.

Os termos que completam as lacunas da frase são, respectivamente: