Questões de Inglês

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Traditional Agricultural System in the Southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais

Imagem: João Roberto Ripper

In the Espinhaço Mountain Range of in the State of Minas Gerais in Brazil, a complex agricultural system has been developed as the result of a long co-evolution between traditional communities, known as the Sempre-vivas flower gatherers, and the surrounding environment. This system is rooted in mountainous highlands whose altitude vary from 600 m to 1400 m offering a unique mosaic of landscapes and ecosystems.

The local communities have developed unique agricultural system and cultural identity based on their profound understanding of natural cycles and ecosystems, and vast knowledge regarding native flora management, achieving a great harmony with the environment and conservation of the biodiversity.

Farmers coordinate various types of agricultural activities well adapted to each differing soil, geographic and climatic characteristics to sustain their lives. They operate agroforestry gardening for their daily needs near the houses, grow a large number of species of crops in larger farmlands, collect naturally grown products, rear animals in the pastures and harvest native flowers in the high mountain areas. This GIAHS [Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems] runs through and composes agro-environments from the highest parts of the mountain to lower land areas.

Nowadays, the sempre-vivas flowers and the whole associated system are part of the local identity that have ensured the landscapes conservation as well as food and livelihood security of the communities.

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems - GIAHS

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems are outstanding landscapes of aesthetic beauty that combine agricultural biodiversity, resilient ecosystems and a valuable cultural heritage. Located in specific sites around the world, they sustainably provide multiple goods and services, food and livelihood security for millions of small-scale farmers.

Unfortunately, these agricultural systems are threatened by many factors including climate change and increased competition for natural resources. They are also dealing with migration due to low economic viability, which has resulted in traditional farming practices being abandoned and endemic species and breeds being lost.

These ancestral agricultural systems constitute the foundation for contemporary and future agricultural innovations and technologies. Their cultural, ecological and agricultural diversity is still evident in many parts of the world, maintained as unique systems of agriculture.

Fonte: Disponível em: http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahsaroundtheworld/designated-sites/ latin-america-and-the-caribbean/semprevivas-minasgerais/en/ >, < http://www.fao.org/giahs/en/ . Acesso em: 26 de maio de 2020. (Adaptado)

Texto

Traditional Agricultural System in the Southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais

Imagem: João Roberto Ripper

In the Espinhaço Mountain Range of in the State of Minas Gerais in Brazil, a complex agricultural system has been developed as the result of a long co-evolution between traditional communities, known as the Sempre-vivas flower gatherers, and the surrounding environment. This system is rooted in mountainous highlands whose altitude vary from 600 m to 1400 m offering a unique mosaic of landscapes and ecosystems.

The local communities have developed unique agricultural system and cultural identity based on their profound understanding of natural cycles and ecosystems, and vast knowledge regarding native flora management, achieving a great harmony with the environment and conservation of the biodiversity.

Farmers coordinate various types of agricultural activities well adapted to each differing soil, geographic and climatic characteristics to sustain their lives. They operate agroforestry gardening for their daily needs near the houses, grow a large number of species of crops in larger farmlands, collect naturally grown products, rear animals in the pastures and harvest native flowers in the high mountain areas. This GIAHS [Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems] runs through and composes agro-environments from the highest parts of the mountain to lower land areas.

Nowadays, the sempre-vivas flowers and the whole associated system are part of the local identity that have ensured the landscapes conservation as well as food and livelihood security of the communities.

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems - GIAHS

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems are outstanding landscapes of aesthetic beauty that combine agricultural biodiversity, resilient ecosystems and a valuable cultural heritage. Located in specific sites around the world, they sustainably provide multiple goods and services, food and livelihood security for millions of small-scale farmers.

Unfortunately, these agricultural systems are threatened by many factors including climate change and increased competition for natural resources. They are also dealing with migration due to low economic viability, which has resulted in traditional farming practices being abandoned and endemic species and breeds being lost.

These ancestral agricultural systems constitute the foundation for contemporary and future agricultural innovations and technologies. Their cultural, ecological and agricultural diversity is still evident in many parts of the world, maintained as unique systems of agriculture.

Fonte: Disponível em: http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahsaroundtheworld/designated-sites/ latin-america-and-the-caribbean/semprevivas-minasgerais/en/ >, < http://www.fao.org/giahs/en/ . Acesso em: 26 de maio de 2020. (Adaptado)

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Solving ‘The Social Dilemma’ With Emotional Intelligence

‘The Social Dilemma’ calls for regulation of social media, but here’s how we can regulate ourselves.

Social media isn’t pure evil, and it isn’t the only technology that is potentially problematic. In a world in which powerful companies are competing to sell our attention to the highest bidder, this is a call for us to pay more attention to ourselves. It’s a call to practice understanding how we feel, what we actually want, and how to tap into our power to take action.

The Netflix documentary, “The Social Dilemma”, tells the story of how the technologists behind social media are intentionally changing our behavior to turn us into “easy prey for advertisers and propagandists,” as Devika Girish summarizes in The New York Times review of the film.

“The Social Dilemma” is accused by some of telling this story in an overdramatic way, but it nevertheless contains valuable insight into our relationship with social media. The content and features put in front of us by services like Instagram are not random. Social media is designed to change our behavior and our emotions – often, in ways that we did not explicitly consent to and which may not align with our goals and values.

We live in a society that conditions us to distract ourselves from our emotions so much that it hurts our ability to know ourselves, know what matters to us, and to live the lives we want.

To compensate for our lack of self-awareness, we sometimes take on the emotions and values other people, or algorithms, tell us to have. We follow leaders that don’t deserve us because they tell us how to feel and why, and they permit us to express ourselves in certain ways. We let algorithms tell us what we want because it’s easier than asking ourselves what we need.

This works well for social media companies like Facebook and Instagram because they sell the ability for a third-party to change our behavior. This third-party’s intention may be to sell us a product (you know, the one that keeps coming up in your feed), win our political allegiance, or convince us that the world is flat. The problem is, we don’t know the goals of these third-party organizations and we didn’t consent to be influenced by them. They may motivate us to do something that we would not independently choose.

Gradually, more and more of how we feel, what we think, and what we do may not be motivated by our own values and goals. Our emotions, thoughts, and actions could instead be influenced by the highest bidder for our attention, making it even more challenging to understand ourselves and making us even more vulnerable to influence from outside.

Regularly checking in with yourself, at least as much as you check your Instagram feed, can help you understand how your relationship with social media needs to change, and it can give you the willpower to take action.

KELLY, Kristi. Sol.ving ‘The Social Dilemma’ With Emotional Intelligence. Publicado em 21/09/2020. //medium.com

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Solving ‘The Social Dilemma’ With Emotional Intelligence

‘The Social Dilemma’ calls for regulation of social media, but here’s how we can regulate ourselves.

Social media isn’t pure evil, and it isn’t the only technology that is potentially problematic. In a world in which powerful companies are competing to sell our attention to the highest bidder, this is a call for us to pay more attention to ourselves. It’s a call to practice understanding how we feel, what we actually want, and how to tap into our power to take action.

The Netflix documentary, “The Social Dilemma”, tells the story of how the technologists behind social media are intentionally changing our behavior to turn us into “easy prey for advertisers and propagandists,” as Devika Girish summarizes in The New York Times review of the film.

“The Social Dilemma” is accused by some of telling this story in an overdramatic way, but it nevertheless contains valuable insight into our relationship with social media. The content and features put in front of us by services like Instagram are not random. Social media is designed to change our behavior and our emotions – often, in ways that we did not explicitly consent to and which may not align with our goals and values.

We live in a society that conditions us to distract ourselves from our emotions so much that it hurts our ability to know ourselves, know what matters to us, and to live the lives we want.

To compensate for our lack of self-awareness, we sometimes take on the emotions and values other people, or algorithms, tell us to have. We follow leaders that don’t deserve us because they tell us how to feel and why, and they permit us to express ourselves in certain ways. We let algorithms tell us what we want because it’s easier than asking ourselves what we need.

This works well for social media companies like Facebook and Instagram because they sell the ability for a third-party to change our behavior. This third-party’s intention may be to sell us a product (you know, the one that keeps coming up in your feed), win our political allegiance, or convince us that the world is flat. The problem is, we don’t know the goals of these third-party organizations and we didn’t consent to be influenced by them. They may motivate us to do something that we would not independently choose.

Gradually, more and more of how we feel, what we think, and what we do may not be motivated by our own values and goals. Our emotions, thoughts, and actions could instead be influenced by the highest bidder for our attention, making it even more challenging to understand ourselves and making us even more vulnerable to influence from outside.

Regularly checking in with yourself, at least as much as you check your Instagram feed, can help you understand how your relationship with social media needs to change, and it can give you the willpower to take action.

KELLY, Kristi. Sol.ving ‘The Social Dilemma’ With Emotional Intelligence. Publicado em 21/09/2020. //medium.com

Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.

Solving ‘The Social Dilemma’ With Emotional Intelligence

‘The Social Dilemma’ calls for regulation of social media, but here’s how we can regulate ourselves.

Social media isn’t pure evil, and it isn’t the only technology that is potentially problematic. In a world in which powerful companies are competing to sell our attention to the highest bidder, this is a call for us to pay more attention to ourselves. It’s a call to practice understanding how we feel, what we actually want, and how to tap into our power to take action.

The Netflix documentary, “The Social Dilemma”, tells the story of how the technologists behind social media are intentionally changing our behavior to turn us into “easy prey for advertisers and propagandists,” as Devika Girish summarizes in The New York Times review of the film.

“The Social Dilemma” is accused by some of telling this story in an overdramatic way, but it nevertheless contains valuable insight into our relationship with social media. The content and features put in front of us by services like Instagram are not random. Social media is designed to change our behavior and our emotions – often, in ways that we did not explicitly consent to and which may not align with our goals and values.

We live in a society that conditions us to distract ourselves from our emotions so much that it hurts our ability to know ourselves, know what matters to us, and to live the lives we want.

To compensate for our lack of self-awareness, we sometimes take on the emotions and values other people, or algorithms, tell us to have. We follow leaders that don’t deserve us because they tell us how to feel and why, and they permit us to express ourselves in certain ways. We let algorithms tell us what we want because it’s easier than asking ourselves what we need.

This works well for social media companies like Facebook and Instagram because they sell the ability for a third-party to change our behavior. This third-party’s intention may be to sell us a product (you know, the one that keeps coming up in your feed), win our political allegiance, or convince us that the world is flat. The problem is, we don’t know the goals of these third-party organizations and we didn’t consent to be influenced by them. They may motivate us to do something that we would not independently choose.

Gradually, more and more of how we feel, what we think, and what we do may not be motivated by our own values and goals. Our emotions, thoughts, and actions could instead be influenced by the highest bidder for our attention, making it even more challenging to understand ourselves and making us even more vulnerable to influence from outside.

Regularly checking in with yourself, at least as much as you check your Instagram feed, can help you understand how your relationship with social media needs to change, and it can give you the willpower to take action.

KELLY, Kristi. Sol.ving ‘The Social Dilemma’ With Emotional Intelligence. Publicado em 21/09/2020. //medium.com

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    The idea of comfort food sounds great in theory, but many of society’s favourite feel-good foods lack ideal nutrients. This leaves eaters feeling cranky, not comforted. “Some of the main dietary contributors to low or bad mood are too much sugar and too many starchy and refined carbohydrates,” British nutritional therapist Claudia Smith told Huffington Post. “If you eat too much of these foods, you can end up with blood sugar spikes and crashes, which can lead to symptoms such as low mood, irritability, brain fog, anxiety, fatigue and difficulty concentrating.”

    Common comfort foods such as cookies or french fries activate reward triggers in our brains, Smith said. They give us something to look forward to or get excited about. Psychologist and well-being consultant Lee Chambers told Huffington Post that comfort foods do provide a hit of pleasureinducing dopamine, but that pleasure is fleeting.

    “Emotional eating is a cyclical process where low mood leads to eating foods likely to spike your blood sugar, giving us a dose of dopamine, but then it drops at the same time as we start to feel guilty,” Chambers told Huffington Post. “This combination often makes us feel a lack of satisfaction, with feelings of guilt, shame and regret.”

    Even worse? Comfort foods often lead to overeating. “Over time, high consumption of highly palatable foods may actually lead to a reduced sensitivity of this brain-reward response,” Smith said. “You may find yourself needing to eat more and more to experience the same effect.”

(Stephanie Vermillion. www.huffingtonpost.co.uk, 30.05.2020. Adaptado.)