Questões de Inglês

IMO Action Plan to address marine plastic litter from ships
 

    IMO's Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) in 2018 adopted the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Action Plan to address marine plastic litter from ships, which aims to enhance existing regulations and introduce new supporting measures to reduce marine plastic litter from ships.
What is marine litter?

    Plastic materials in all shapes and sizes are omnipresent in our seas and oceans. They break down extremely slowly in the marine environment, taking in excess of 400 vyears. Marine litter originates from many sources and causes a wide spectrum of environmental, economic, safety, health and cultural impacts. For example, marine litter can cause harm to sea life 1f ingested or even death if a marine mammal becomes entangled in litter.

    Marine litter has been defined by UN Environment (United Nations Environment) as “any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment. Marie htter consists of items that have been made or used by people and deliberately discarded into the sea or rivers or on beaches; brought indirectly to the sea with nvers, sewage, storm water or winds; accidentally lost, including material lost at sea im bad weather (fishing gear, cargo); or deliberately left by people on beaches and shores.”

    Marine litter, including plastics and microplastics, is known to result from land-based sources in massive quantities but can also originate from ships. Debris particles have been observed in coastal areas, in waters far from anthropogenic pollution sources, in surface waters, in the water column of deep water and in ocean sediments, and from the equator to the poles, including trapped in sea ice.

    UN Environment estimates that 15% of marine  litter floats on the sea's surface, 15% remains m the water column and 70% rests on the seabed.

    According to another study, 5.25 million plastic particles, weighing 268,940 tonnes in total, are currently floating in the world”s oceans.

What problems does marine hitter cause?
    In addition to the environmental and health problems posed by marine litter, floating garbage and plastics pose a costly as well as dangerous problem for shipping, as they can be a navigational hazard and become entangled in propellers and rudders.

    Another problem requiring urgent remedial action 1s the massive accumulation of plastics, not only in coastal areas but also in the deep sea.

    This litter is harmful to marine life: sea creatures can become trapped inside containers or strangled by nets or ropes, and microplastics can also enter the food chain as they are indigestible when swallowed.

(Adapted from https://www.imo.org)

“ ... and microplastics can also enter the food chain as they are indigestible when swallowed.” In the excerpt from the text, the word in bold can be substituted by:

Read the text below and answer question.

 

Maersk, the worlds largest shipping company, says the Suez Canal blockage”s economic fallout will continue into second half of May

Kevin Shalvey
Apr 11, 2021, 9:01 AM

 

    Fallout from the Ever Given's time lodged in the Suez Canal will “ripple” through the economy for the next few weeks or months, according to Maersk, the world's biggest shipping company.

    “We will see ripple effects continuing into the second half of May,” Lars Mikael Jensen, head of Maersk's Global Ocean Network, told The Financial Times.

    The Ever Given, which is among the world”s largest container ships, was lodged in the canal for six days, effectively closing one of the world”s most important trade routes

    The Ever Given was operated by the  Taiwan- based shipping company Evergreen Group. The ship was freed on March 29.

    Maersk predicted knock-on effects from the blockage. In an updated press advisory posted on Thursday, the company said it was pleased to see that the queue waiting at the canal was rapidly diminishing.

    “For each day that passes we are getting a
clearer picture of what this incident means for our
customers,” the company said.

    Maersk said about 50 ships had been delayed for about a week because of the blockage. Some of those ships waited on either end of the canal, while others were redirected around the Cape of Good Hope.

    The effects of those delays will be felt in ports around the world, the company said. Its advisory warned that delays may vary by location. Busy ports and terminals may not have berths for ships arriving outside their originally scheduled windows. The company previously said shipping backlog may take months to unravel.

    “Even when the canal gets reopened, the ripple effects on global capacity and equipment are significant and the blockage has already triggered a series of further disruptions and backlog in global shipping that could take weeks, possibly months, to unravel,” Maersk said in a statement back when the Ever Given was still lodged in the canal.

(Adapted from https://www.businessinsider.com maersk-ever-given-suez-canal-blockage-economic-fallout-late-may-2021-4)

According to the text, it is possible to infer that

Mark the option that completes the paragraph below correctly.

 

Cooking in Britain is now a spectator sport.               love watching famous chefs cook on TV, and               buy               books. But do               use               ?

(Adapted from OXENDEN, Clive et al. New English File - Elementary. OUP, 2011. p. 51.)

Leia a tirinha para responder à questão.

(comicskingdom.com)

According to the cartoon,

This campaign is mainly

Leia os textos para responder à questão.

 

Female historical figures who were happy with their choices

 

Greta Garbo

    In the 1932 film “Grand Hotel,” Garbo’s character famously proclaimed, “I want to be alone,” a quote that was affiliated with her for the rest of her life. She did have several relationships, including a long on-and-off with her frequent co-star John Gilbert. He once proposed to her, but she said no. “I was in love with him, but I froze,” she later told New York magazine. “I was afraid he would tell me what to do and boss me. I always wanted to be the boss.”

 

Coco Chanel

    The iconic designer had many, many love affairs and several significant relationships, but she never married. She was once quoted as saying, “I never wanted to weigh more heavily on a man than a bird.” Less great: the evidence that she worked as a Nazi spy during the Second World War.

 

Mary Cassatt

    Cassatt had a lot of familial love, as she’s maybe best known for her paintings that clearly but unsentimentally depicted the bonds between parents and children. But that love came from her relationships with her nieces and nephews, as she chose not to marry and didn’t have kids herself. The Impressionist painter enjoyed the freedoms that feminism had given women of her privileged stature by the turn of the 20th century — among them the right to an independent life. She was highly educated and well-travelled, and spoke out about the importance of female suffrage.

 

Louisa May Alcott

    Like Jo in her best-known book “Little Women,” Alcott was independent and concerned with advancing women’s place in the world. But unlike Jo, she never married. “I’d rather be a free spinster and paddle my own canoe,” she wrote in her journal.

(Maija Kappler. www.huffingtonpost.ca, 28.02.2020. Adaptado.)

No trecho do texto sobre Mary Cassatt “among them the right to an independent life”, o termo sublinhado refere-se a