Questões de Inglês

TEXT

 

The World’s Largest Tropical Wetland Has Become an Inferno

By Catrin Einhorn, Maria Magdalena Arréllaga, Blacki Migliozzi and Scott Reinhard

 

    This year, roughly a quarter of the vast Pantanal wetland in Brazil, one of the most biodiverse places on Earth, has burned in wildfires worsened by climate change. What happens to a rich and unique biome when so much is destroyed?

    The unprecedented fires in the wetland have attracted less attention than blazes in Australia, the Western United States and the Amazon, its celebrity sibling to the north. But while the Pantanal is not a global household name, tourists in the know flock there because it is home to exceptionally high concentrations of breathtaking wildlife: Jaguars, tapirs, endangered giant otters and bright blue hyacinth macaws. Like a vast tub, the wetland swells with water during the rainy season and empties out during the dry months. Fittingly, this rhythm has a name that evokes a beating heart: the flood pulse.

    The wetland, which is larger than Greece and stretches over parts of Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia, also offers unseen gifts to a vast swath of South America by regulating the water cycle upon which life depends. Its countless swamps, lagoons and tributaries purify water and help prevent floods and droughts. They also store untold amounts of carbon, helping to stabilize the climate.

    (…)

    Naturally occurring fire plays a role in the Pantanal, in addition to the burning by ranchers. The flames are usually contained by the landscape’s mosaic of water. But this year’s drought sucked these natural barriers dry. The fires are far worse than any since satellite records began.

    The fires are also worse than any in the memory of the Guató people, an Indigenous group whose ancestors have lived in the Pantanal for thousands of years.

    Guató leaders in an Indigenous territory called Baía dos Guató said the fires spread from the ranches that surround their land, and satellite images confirm that the flames swept in from the outside. When fire started closing in on the home of Sandra Guató Silva, a community leader and healer, she fought to save it with the help of her son, grandson and a boat captain with a hose.

    (...)

    Now Ms. Guató Silva mourns the loss of nature itself. “It makes me sick,” she said. “The birds don’t sing anymore. I no longer hear the song of the Chaco chachalaca bird. Even the jaguar that once scared me is suffering. That hurts me. I suffer from depression because of this. Now there is a hollow silence. I feel as though our freedom has left us, has been taken from us with the nature that we have always protected.”

Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/10/13/climate/pantanalbrazil-fires.html Acesso em: 12 nov. 2020.

By analyzing the data presented by The New York Times agency graph, it is correct to affirm that the fires started being detected across the Pantanal Biome in:

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The organization Amazon Watch presented on the website works to protect the Amazon rainforest as well as to promote the rights of indigenous peoples in the region.

 

The sentence that indicates their work started in the past and continues in the present is:

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Brazil's Amazon rainforest suffers worst fires in a decade

 

    Fires in Brazil’s Amazon increased 13% in the first nine months of the year compared with a year ago, as the rainforest region experiences its worst rash of blazes in a decade, data from space research agency Inpe has shown. Satellites in September recorded 32,017 hotspots in the world’s largest rainforest, a 61% rise from the same month in 2019. In August last year, surging fires in the Amazon captured global headlines and prompted criticism from world leaders such as France’s Emmanuel Macron that Brazil was not doing enough to protect the rainforest.

    On Tuesday, the US Democratic presidential candidate, Joe Biden, called for a world effort to offer $20bn to end Amazon deforestation and threatened Brazil with unspecified “economic consequences” if it did not “stop tearing down the forest”. President Jair Bolsonaro lambasted Biden’s comment as a “cowardly threat” to Brazil’s sovereignty and a “clear sign of contempt”.

    Data from Inpe released on Thursday showed that in 2019, fires spiked in August and declined considerably the month after, but this year’s peak has been more sustained. Both August and September of 2020 have matched or surpassed last year’s single-month high. “We have had two months with a lot of fire. It’s already worse than last year,” said Ane Alencar, science director for Brazil’s Amazon Environmental Research Institute (Ipam). “It could get worse if the drought continues. We are at the mercy of the rain.” The Amazon is experiencing a more severe dry season than last year, which scientists attribute in part to warming in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean pulling moisture away from South America.

(...)

    The warming of the North Atlantic is also helping drive drought in the Brazilian Pantanal, the world’s largest wetland, which has suffered more fires this year than ever previously recorded, according to Inpe data.

    A Federal University of Rio de Janeiro analysis found that 23% of the wetlands, which are home to the densest population of jaguars in the world, has burned. “Brazil is on fire,” said Cristiane Mazzetti, a forest campaigner for advocacy group Greenpeace Brasil, in a statement.

Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/oct/01/brazil-amazonrainforest-worst-fires-in-decade. Last access on November 16, 2020

 

Considere as afirmativas a seguir e marque a alternativa CORRETA, de acordo com as informações possíveis de se obter a partir do texto:

 

I. O Brasil possui a maior região pantaneira e a maior floresta tropical do mundo.

II. O Brasil experimentou o maior incêndio na região de floresta tropical em uma década.

III. À altura da elaboração da matéria, a situação do fogo já havia chegado ao limite.

IV. O estrago causado pelo fogo na região amazônica foi pior do que o da região pantaneira.

V. Apesar da intensidade do incêndio em 2020, a seca em 2019 foi mais agressiva na Amazônia.

 

De acordo com o texto:

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Disponível em: https://www.ncronline.org/news/esrth beat/francis-chronides/francis- comic-strip-1 Acesso em 12 nov. 2020

 

O uso do modo imperativo deve ser feito cuidadosamente por se tratar de uma forma direta.

 

Assim sendo, a alternativa que substitui a frase "Close the window, Leo!", de maneira que ela soe menos direta e mais polida, sem a perda do seu sentido original, é:

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FOR CALLING THE SPIRIT BACK FROM WANDERING THE EARTH IN ITS HUMAN FEET

Joy Harjo

 

Put down that bag of potato chips, that white bread,
that bottle of pop.
Turn off that cellphone, computer, and remote
control.
Open the door, then close it behind you.
Take a breath offered by friendly winds.
They travel the earth gathering essences of plants to
clean.
Give it back with gratitude.
If you sing it will give your spirit lift to fly to the stars‟
ears and back.
Acknowledge this earth who has cared for you since
you were a dream planting itself precisely within
your parents‟ desire.
Let your moccasin feet take you to the encampment
of the guardians who have known you before time,
who will be there after time.
They sit before the fire that has been there without
time.
Let the earth stabilize your postcolonial insecure
jitters.
Be respectful of the small insects, birds and animal
people who accompany you. Ask their forgiveness
for the harm we humans have brought down upon
them. […]

HARJO, J. Conflict Resolution for Holy Beings: Poems, W W. Norton & Company, 2015. Disponível em: https://poets.org/poem/calling-spiritback-wandering-earth-its-human-feet. Acesso em 02 dez. 2020.

Most verses in this poem by Joy Harjo begin with imperative sentences.

 

Considering the meanings of this structure in English, it is possible to say that the intended effect of its use for the whole text is to:

TEXT

 

FOR CALLING THE SPIRIT BACK FROM WANDERING THE EARTH IN ITS HUMAN FEET

Joy Harjo

 

Put down that bag of potato chips, that white bread,
that bottle of pop.
Turn off that cellphone, computer, and remote
control.
Open the door, then close it behind you.
Take a breath offered by friendly winds.
They travel the earth gathering essences of plants to
clean.
Give it back with gratitude.
If you sing it will give your spirit lift to fly to the stars‟
ears and back.
Acknowledge this earth who has cared for you since
you were a dream planting itself precisely within
your parents‟ desire.
Let your moccasin feet take you to the encampment
of the guardians who have known you before time,
who will be there after time.
They sit before the fire that has been there without
time.
Let the earth stabilize your postcolonial insecure
jitters.
Be respectful of the small insects, birds and animal
people who accompany you. Ask their forgiveness
for the harm we humans have brought down upon
them. […]

HARJO, J. Conflict Resolution for Holy Beings: Poems, W W. Norton & Company, 2015. Disponível em: https://poets.org/poem/calling-spiritback-wandering-earth-its-human-feet. Acesso em 02 dez. 2020.

Joy Harjo é uma das poetizas mais representativas da literatura nativo-americana, tendo sido contemplada com diversos prêmios literários ao longo de sua carreira.

 

Nesse trecho de um de seus poemas, a autora convida o leitor a: