Questões de Inglês

    Abstract

 

Rare diseases are diseases that affect fewer than 1 in 2,000 people. Due to their rarity, it can be extremely challenging for doctors to diagnose these diseases in their patients — it often takes 6 – 8 years for some patients to get a diagnosis. Even though they are uncommon, rare diseases still have a significant impact on families and communities and need greater attention. Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare disease that affects the brain and gradually reduces a person’s ability to sleep. FFI gets worse over time and causes severe complications. There is currently no cure for FFI, so more research is crucial — not only for understanding FFI but also for unlocking potential treatments for other rare diseases. Rare disease research brings hope for a better future to those living with FFI and other rare conditions.

Available at: https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ frym.2025.1523273. Accessed on: Aug 2nd, 2025.

As used in the abstract, what is the best definition for the word diagnose?

Responda à questão com base no texto de Caroline Hopkins Legaspi, a Times reporter focusing on nutrition and sleep:

 

This App Is Trying to Change How Americans Eat

    Yuka, which Kennedy has called “invaluable,” assigns health scores to food. But can it actually help people make better choices? Cheez-Its used to be one of Marissa Gradei’s go-to snacks, in part because she thought of them as “healthier” alternatives to other savory nibbles like potato chips. That changed three months ago, when Ms. Gradei, 27, a social media manager in Fairfax, Va., started using a smartphone app called Yuka. The app prompts users to scan the bar codes of food and personal care items – in grocery stores and at home – and then offers a score out of 100 to indicate how “healthy” it thinks the item is for you or the environment. Ms. Gradei’s trusty snacks scored a two out of 100 – “bad” for health, according to the app. She hasn’t purchased any since. After the Yuka app launched in the United States in 2022, more than 20 million people have downloaded it – a figure that has more than doubled since January 2024. In a recent interview with CNN, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the U.S. health secretary, said that he and his wife “consider it invaluable. You can go into any grocery store, flash it at any product, and you can get a ‘go’ or a ‘no,’” he said. But can the Yuka app accurately portray how good a given food is for your health? And should you rely on an app to guide your food choices in the first place? We asked four nutrition experts The Yuka app originally launched in France in 2017 as a tool to help people quickly understand the healthfulness of certain food and personal care products. It expanded to the United States in 2022. After scanning a product’s bar code, the app assigns the product a health value out of 100 – with 100 being the best – and a corresponding color score of excellent (dark green), good (light green), poor (orange) or bad (red).To generate these scores for certain foods, the app uses an algorithm based on three criteria: the food’s nutritional quality (60 percent of the score), the presence of additives and whether the app deems the additives risky (30 percent), and whether the food is organic (10 percent). Yuka uses a European labeling system called Nutri-Score to assess a food’s nutritional quality. High protein and high fiber is good, for example, high amounts of sugar, sodium, saturated fats and calories are bad. The company has two full-time employees — one with a toxicology background and one with a food engineering and human nutrition background — who sort through the scientific research on about 600 food dyes, preservatives, thickening agents, artificial sweeteners and other food additives. They classify them as “high risk,” “moderate risk,” “limited risk” or “risk-free” based on their potential links to health conditions like cancer, heart disease, A.D.H.D. and infertility. The app is free, though it offers a premium version for between $10 and $50 per year, said Julie Chapon, one of Yuka’s co-founders. The premium version includes extra features like the ability to use the app when your phone is offline. The company does not promote the app through paid advertisements, or take money from food and cosmetics industries, said Ms. Chapon, who has a marketing and consulting background. Mr. Kennedy’s endorsement has most likely helped with awareness, she said, but the app isn’t affiliated with the Make America Healthy Again, or MAHA, movemenThe app has hit on a real hunger for more clear-cut nutrition information, said Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian, director of the Food Is Medicine Institute at Tufts University. “The public is really confused about what defines a healthy food,” he said. And it can be valuable for people to use their smartphones to help them make better food choices,” said Lisa Harnack, a professor of public health nutrition at the University of Minnesota. Anyone can flip over a product and read its nutrition label, she said, but for the average person, it can be burdensome to try to parse the healthfulness of dozens of foods at a time. Scanning a product and glancing at its ranking and color score is much simpler. That said, some experts worry that labeling food as either “good” or “bad” can lead to disordered eating. “I don’t like that,” Elaine Siu, a dietitian at the City of Hope cancer center in Duarte, Calif., said of the labeling system. Instead, she said, people should focus on following a balanced diet overall. This typically involves eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean sources of protein and healthy fats. And keep in mind that your nutritional needs will vary depending on your health and activity levels, she said, which the Yuka app can’t account for Ms. Siu, for instance, advises cancer patients on how to eat. Many are undernourished and could benefit from consuming more calories. But the Yuka app deducts points for high-calorie foods. Several of Ms. Siu’s patients have refused to drink the nutrition shakes or eat the protein bars she has recommended, she said, because the Yuka app has scored them poorly. The Nutri-Score system Yuka uses to assess a food’s nutritional quality is an “OK” system, Dr. Mozaffarian said. He said he doesn’t agree with the idea of penalizing foods for calories, since many high-calorie foods can be nutritious. The app labels many nuts and nut butters, for instance, as “too caloric.” And, Dr. Mozaffarian said, it’s problematic that Yuka doesn’t distinguish between natural sugars and added sugars. Because there’s still a lot we don’t know about how food additives affect us, Dr. Mozaffarian said, it’s “a little excessive” to devote 30 percent of the score to their presence. Much of the research Yuka uses to assess the risk level of additives are either observational studies – which can’t demonstrate cause and effect – or are animal studies that use much higher doses of those additives than what you’d find in food. Animal study results also don’t always translate to humans. But you don’t necessarily need an RRapp to help you do that. And whole foods typically don’t have bar codes you can scan anyway.

“Ideally, the app would include foods that don’t come in packages,” Dr. Harnack said. “If these types of foods are missing, it might be easy to overlook some of the best choices in the supermarket.”

Fonte: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/03/well/eat/yuka-nutrition-appmaha-benefits.html Acessado em: 08.08.2025.

Os critérios que o aplicativo YUKA usa para classificar os alimentos são:

Responda à questão com base no texto de Caroline Hopkins Legaspi, a Times reporter focusing on nutrition and sleep:

 

This App Is Trying to Change How Americans Eat

    Yuka, which Kennedy has called “invaluable,” assigns health scores to food. But can it actually help people make better choices? Cheez-Its used to be one of Marissa Gradei’s go-to snacks, in part because she thought of them as “healthier” alternatives to other savory nibbles like potato chips. That changed three months ago, when Ms. Gradei, 27, a social media manager in Fairfax, Va., started using a smartphone app called Yuka. The app prompts users to scan the bar codes of food and personal care items – in grocery stores and at home – and then offers a score out of 100 to indicate how “healthy” it thinks the item is for you or the environment. Ms. Gradei’s trusty snacks scored a two out of 100 – “bad” for health, according to the app. She hasn’t purchased any since. After the Yuka app launched in the United States in 2022, more than 20 million people have downloaded it – a figure that has more than doubled since January 2024. In a recent interview with CNN, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the U.S. health secretary, said that he and his wife “consider it invaluable. You can go into any grocery store, flash it at any product, and you can get a ‘go’ or a ‘no,’” he said. But can the Yuka app accurately portray how good a given food is for your health? And should you rely on an app to guide your food choices in the first place? We asked four nutrition experts The Yuka app originally launched in France in 2017 as a tool to help people quickly understand the healthfulness of certain food and personal care products. It expanded to the United States in 2022. After scanning a product’s bar code, the app assigns the product a health value out of 100 – with 100 being the best – and a corresponding color score of excellent (dark green), good (light green), poor (orange) or bad (red).To generate these scores for certain foods, the app uses an algorithm based on three criteria: the food’s nutritional quality (60 percent of the score), the presence of additives and whether the app deems the additives risky (30 percent), and whether the food is organic (10 percent). Yuka uses a European labeling system called Nutri-Score to assess a food’s nutritional quality. High protein and high fiber is good, for example, high amounts of sugar, sodium, saturated fats and calories are bad. The company has two full-time employees — one with a toxicology background and one with a food engineering and human nutrition background — who sort through the scientific research on about 600 food dyes, preservatives, thickening agents, artificial sweeteners and other food additives. They classify them as “high risk,” “moderate risk,” “limited risk” or “risk-free” based on their potential links to health conditions like cancer, heart disease, A.D.H.D. and infertility. The app is free, though it offers a premium version for between $10 and $50 per year, said Julie Chapon, one of Yuka’s co-founders. The premium version includes extra features like the ability to use the app when your phone is offline. The company does not promote the app through paid advertisements, or take money from food and cosmetics industries, said Ms. Chapon, who has a marketing and consulting background. Mr. Kennedy’s endorsement has most likely helped with awareness, she said, but the app isn’t affiliated with the Make America Healthy Again, or MAHA, movemenThe app has hit on a real hunger for more clear-cut nutrition information, said Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian, director of the Food Is Medicine Institute at Tufts University. “The public is really confused about what defines a healthy food,” he said. And it can be valuable for people to use their smartphones to help them make better food choices,” said Lisa Harnack, a professor of public health nutrition at the University of Minnesota. Anyone can flip over a product and read its nutrition label, she said, but for the average person, it can be burdensome to try to parse the healthfulness of dozens of foods at a time. Scanning a product and glancing at its ranking and color score is much simpler. That said, some experts worry that labeling food as either “good” or “bad” can lead to disordered eating. “I don’t like that,” Elaine Siu, a dietitian at the City of Hope cancer center in Duarte, Calif., said of the labeling system. Instead, she said, people should focus on following a balanced diet overall. This typically involves eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean sources of protein and healthy fats. And keep in mind that your nutritional needs will vary depending on your health and activity levels, she said, which the Yuka app can’t account for Ms. Siu, for instance, advises cancer patients on how to eat. Many are undernourished and could benefit from consuming more calories. But the Yuka app deducts points for high-calorie foods. Several of Ms. Siu’s patients have refused to drink the nutrition shakes or eat the protein bars she has recommended, she said, because the Yuka app has scored them poorly. The Nutri-Score system Yuka uses to assess a food’s nutritional quality is an “OK” system, Dr. Mozaffarian said. He said he doesn’t agree with the idea of penalizing foods for calories, since many high-calorie foods can be nutritious. The app labels many nuts and nut butters, for instance, as “too caloric.” And, Dr. Mozaffarian said, it’s problematic that Yuka doesn’t distinguish between natural sugars and added sugars. Because there’s still a lot we don’t know about how food additives affect us, Dr. Mozaffarian said, it’s “a little excessive” to devote 30 percent of the score to their presence. Much of the research Yuka uses to assess the risk level of additives are either observational studies – which can’t demonstrate cause and effect – or are animal studies that use much higher doses of those additives than what you’d find in food. Animal study results also don’t always translate to humans. But you don’t necessarily need an RRapp to help you do that. And whole foods typically don’t have bar codes you can scan anyway.

“Ideally, the app would include foods that don’t come in packages,” Dr. Harnack said. “If these types of foods are missing, it might be easy to overlook some of the best choices in the supermarket.”

Fonte: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/03/well/eat/yuka-nutrition-appmaha-benefits.html Acessado em: 08.08.2025.

A função principal do aplicativo YUKA é:

Considere o quadrinho a seguir para responder à questão.

Disponível em: https://br.pinterest.com/pin/38491771811426227/. Acesso em 10/10/2025.

A palavra pretty, no 2º quadrinho, significa

Considere o quadrinho a seguir para responder à questão.

Disponível em: https://br.pinterest.com/pin/38491771811426227/. Acesso em 10/10/2025.

. Considerando o contexto do quadrinho, é CORRETO concluir que Lucy está abraçando Charlie Brown, porque

TEXT

Biomes of the World

 

    Biomes are areas of land or water that share the same climate. Earth has several major biomes. Deserts receive little rain and have extreme temperatures. Forests receive more rain and have moderate temperatures. The trees in a deciduous forest lose their leaves every autumn. The trees in the taiga are mostly evergreens, many of which have needle-like leaves. Grasslands cover the most area of land on Earth. Rain is usually seasonal, so there is a dry season during which dust storms may be created. The tundra is located at very high elevations and near the North and South Pole. Few plants grow in the tundra, and the ground is permanently frozen. There are two types of aquatic biomes: marine and freshwater. Marine biomes cove about three-fourths of Earth’s surface and include all the world’s oceans. Freshwater biomes are bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, and ponds.

 

What is the main idea of this text?