Questões de EFAF Inglês - Vocabulary -

When you make deliveries, you start at the pizzeria and travel by motorcycle to destinations.

You have to deliver some pizzas at the headquarters of Area 51 pizzeria, then you get on the motorcycle and follow the following path:

The amount of ground that you traveled to deliver the pizza is your distance.

 

If each square block is \SI{100}{\meter} \times \SI{100}{\meter}100 m×100 m, approximately what distance did you travel?

http://www.espacoeducar.net/2012/07/muitas-tirinhas-da-turma-da-monica-para.html Acesso em 06 de mar. de 2018.

 

A intenção de Cascão com Pinóquio era

Part I - Reading Comprehension

Pidgins and creoles
Pidgin Languages

 

    A pidgin is a system of communication which
has grown up among people who do not share a
common language, but who want to talk to each other,
for trading or other reasons. Pidgins have been
[5] variously called ‘makeshift’, ‘marginal’, or ‘mixed’
languages. They have a limited vocabulary, a reduced
grammatical structure, and a much narrower range of
functions, compared to the languages which gave rise
to them. They are the native language of no one, but
[10] they are nonetheless a main means of communication
for millions of people, and a major focus of interest to
those who study the way languages change.
    It is essential to avoid the stereotype of a
pidgin language, as perpetrated over the years in
[15] generations of children’s comics and films. The ‘Me
Tarzan, you Jane’ image is far from the reality. A
pidgin is not a language which has broken down; nor
is it the result of baby talk, laziness, corruption,
primitive thought processes, or mental deficiency. On
[20] the contrary: pidgins are demonstrably creative
adaptations of natural languages, with a structure and
rules of their own. Along with creoles, they are
evidence of a fundamental process of linguistic
change, as languages come into contact with each
[25] other, producing new varieties whose structures and
uses contract and expand. They provide the clearest
evidence of language being created and shaped by
society for its own ends, as people adapt to new social
circumstances. This emphasis on processes of change
[30] is reflected in the terms pidginization and
creolization.
    Most pidgins are based on European
languages – English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and
Portuguese – reflecting the history of colonialism.
[35] However, this observation may be the result only of
our ignorance of the languages used in parts of
Africa, South America, or South-east Asia, where
situations of language contact are frequent. One of
the best-known non-European pidgins is Chinook
[40] Jargon, once used for trading by American Indians in
north-west USA. Another is Sango, a pidginized
variety of Ngbandi, spoken widely in west-central
Africa.
    Because of their limited function, pidgin
[45] languages usually do not last for very long –
sometimes for only a few years, and rarely for more
than a century. They die when the original reason for
communication diminishes or disappears, as

communities move apart, or one community learns
[50] the language of the other. (Alternatively, the pidgin
may develop into a creole.) The pidgin French which
was used in Vietnam all but disappeared when the
French left; similarly, the pidgin English which
appeared during the American Vietnam campaign
[55] virtually disappeared as soon as the war was over. But
there are exceptions. The pidgin known as
Mediterranean Lingua Franca, or Sabir, began in the
Middle Ages and lasted until the 20th century.
    Some pidgins have become so useful as a
[60] means of communication between languages that they
have developed a more formal role, as regular
auxiliary languages. They may even be given official
status by a community, as lingua francas. These cases
are known as ‘expanded pidgins’, because of the way
[65] in which they have added extra forms to cope with the
needs of their users, and have come to be used in a
much wider range of situations than previously. In
time, these languages may come to be used on the
radio, in the press, and may even develop a literature
[70] of their own. Some of the most widely used expanded
pidgins are Krio (in Sierra Leone), Nigerian Pidgin
English, and Bislama (in Vanuatu). In Papua New
Guinea, the local pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the most
widely used language in the country.

(CRYSTAL, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed., 2010, p.344).

Which option can NOT be inferred from the text? A pidgin language is:

Based on the text, answer question.

 

First ship tunnel to be constructed in Norway

 

    Norway plans for a pioncering construction project that will facilitate ship transportation. The plan includes the construction of a tunnel from which ships will pass by in order to avoid the Stad - peninsula. The endeavor has been underway since 2017 and was approved by Norway's Ministry of Transport and Communications im late February 2021.

    The waters in the Stad peninsula are dangerous since it is an exposed area where navigation is challenging. Except for the water currents, the underwater topography creates additional issues including unpredictable waves which may persist for a significant amount of time after a storm has passed.

    The Norwegian Coastal Administration stated that plans for alternatives such as the one currently underway have been suggested for years. Even the Vikings used to drag their ships over the land in order to avoid the dangerous conditions around the peninsula. During World War II, the Germans also made plans to construct a similar project, however, according to Terje Andreassen, head of the Norwegian Coastal Administration, “the war didn't last long enough to build it”.

    The tunnel will create an alternative, faster route for ships around the peninsula. It will stretch for 1700 meters and will be 37 and 36 meters im height and width, respectively. The construction will begin from the two sides of the tunnel (probably using the dnlling and blasting technique). The tunnel face will be excavated in multiple phases. The top of the tunnel will be supported by a layer of shotcrete. Routes from which the excavated material will be transported outside of the tunnel will also be established.

    The two entrances of the tunnel will feature walls made from the excavated rocks. The interior of the facility will have led lights that will function both as an aesthetic and a navigation tool. The design aims at making the tunnel fit with the surrounding nature and not interrupt the natural environment.

    The total cost of the project is expected to reach $325MM with officials mentioning that funding has been secured. The construction process is planned to begin in early 2022 after signing a contract in 2021. Officials suggest that the construction phase will last for 3-4 years, hence, the tunnel will be completed by 2026.

    Norway is a pioneermg country for tunnel engineering and has more than 1,100 facilities. The rough terrain and the rockmass conditions (which are generally good) have favored the establishment of such projects.

    Despite the excitement for the project, not everyone is in favor of it. According to Knut Samset, Professor of project management at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, the project is not going to be financially prosperous due to its high cost, the fact that it will not always be the faster route and that modem ships will not be obliged to use it. “It's a very expensive thing. Weather permitting, it's as fast to sail around the cape as it is to sail into the fjord and through the tunnel. Plus, today”s boats are big enough and safe enough to handle the choppy waters, which makes traveling through the tunnel a moot point.”, Prof. Samset stated.

(From https:// www .gecengineer.org>news)

Its true about the text that

Read text to answer question.

 

TEXT

The Positive and Negative Effects of Technology on Your Life

    As a society, we've come a long way with the help of technology. But is it all rainbows and sunshine? Technology is around us everywhere, from simple devices like our smartphones, laptop, and TV to background tech that we don't even notice. Once we get the hang of using tech the right way, it can improve our lives and make our lives better. On the other hand, tech can also make our lives harder. Whether technology has a positive or negative effect on our lives, it all depends on how we use it. So, lets look at some of the positive and negative aspects of technology in our lives, shall we?

Positives of Technology in Our Lives

 

1. Technology Boosts Business Many new tech advancements and innovations are made by and for businesses. Why? Because companies are always looking to upgrade their products and services for profit. The purpose is to boost business and make the daily management of enterprises more systematic, structured, and successful.

 

2. Technology Makes Shopping Online Possible Advancements in tech have made it easier and cheaper for more people to access the internet. Currently, most people prefer to shop online without leaving the house because of its sheer convenience.

 

3. Technology Has Advanced Education One of the most downplayed areas of technology that has dramatically improved over the past few years is education. A few examples include the availability of online courses, accessibility of web seminars, and unlimited online resources for research. Before tech, you'd have to physically go to class, attend a meeting or go to the library to do research. Now, education is easier for everyone, no matter where you live.

 

4. Technology Makes Everyday Life Beiter Tech has made an immensely positive impact on the daily lives of everyday people. Some positive examples include
improvements in the transportation system and household items.

 

Negatives of Technology in Our Lives

 

1. Technology Causes Health Problems Apart from creating unhealthy sleeping patterns, electronic devices can cause digital eye strain, poor posture, and increased inactivity, leading to health problems like obesity.

 

2. Technology Creates Job Insecurity Job loss and downsizing are two significant adverse effects of technology. Because of advances in the tech field such as Al integration, automating and accomplishing tasks have become easy.

 

3. Tech Products Lack Longevity Technology grows incredibly quickly, so the digital devices and gadgets that we use have a short lifespan and become
outdated in a matter of months. These pieces of tech can be pushed aside by newer.

 

4. Technology Spawns Misinformation and Fake News. The spread of misinformation and fake news online is nothing new. However, with all the developments that happen so frequently in technology, it has become harder to define what's true and what's not.

According to the text, itis correct to state that:

Read text in order to answer item.

 

The Vikings
Raiders, travelers or brave explorers?

 

    The Vikings sailed the seas, attacked towns, and stole treasures all over Europe between 800 and 1100. They started from Scandinavia and attacked many countries in Europe. They settled in Britain, Ireland and France. They also crossed the Atlantic Ocean and arrived in Iceland and Greenland. They discovered North America but they alsc traveled east to Russia and south to Arabia.

    They were good farmers and excellent shipbuilders. They used their ships for war. They also used them to carry people and goods to new lands. In winter, when there was not much farm work to do, they stayed home and did other interesting jobs. Men made swords to use them in battle. The Vikings liked swords so much they often decorated them with gold and gave them names. Women cooked and made clothes, shoes, and jewelry for themselves,                    children and husbands.

    In 866 the Vikings captured an Anglo-Saxon town. They called it Jorvik and it was the capital of the Viking kingdom for 200 years. They made Jorvik rich and one oi the most famous cities in Britain. Some years ago, archeologists discovered part of that Viking town in York, the modern city of Jorvik. They found many things such as Jewelry, coins and clothes. If you ever go to York and you want to travel back in time and see how the Vikings lived, visit the Jorvik Centre!

Adapted from Wilson, D. M. (1987) The Vikings, Activity Book, British Museum Press
http:/Amww.pi-schools.gr/books/gymnasio/aggl a prox/ergas/043-060.pdf

The Vikings used their ships to