Questões de EFAF Geografia - Terra

O texto abaixo se refere à questão.

 

    (...) a Amazônia abriga expressivo conjunto de povos indígenas e populações tradicionais que incluem seringueiros, castanheiros, ribeirinhos, babaçueiras, entre outros, que lhe conferem destaque em termos de diversidade cultural. Este patrimônio socioambiental brasileiro chega aos dias de hoje com suas características originais relativamente bem preservadas. Atualmente, na Amazônia, ainda é possível a existência de pelo menos 50 grupos de indígenas arredios e sem contato regular com o mundo exterior. Durante muito tempo, atribuiu-se à Amazônia o papel de “pulmão do mundo”. Hoje, sabe-se que a quantidade de oxigênio que a floresta produz durante o dia, pelo processo da fotossíntese, é consumida à noite. Mas, devido às alterações climáticas que causa no planeta, a Floresta Amazônica vem sendo chamada como “o condicionador de ar do mundo” (...)

Fonte: MAX. R. Floresta Amazônica - Pulmão do Mundo. Disponível em: http://pt.shvoong.com/society-and-news. Acesso em: 24/02/2011. (Fragmento).

 

O recurso expressivo utilizado pelo autor sobre a Floresta Amazônica denomina-se

O texto abaixo se refere à questão.

 

Parque Trianon ganha trilha noturna no lançamento de Programa

Tema: Ecoturismo
Autor: Redação 360 Graus
Data: 26/11/2010

(...)
    O Programa Trilhas Urbanas, vinculado à Secretaria do Verde e do Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura de São Paulo, disponibiliza atividades abertas ao público, proporcionando a oportunidade de conhecer e interagir com importantes espaços públicos da capital através de trilhas interpretativas, realizadas nos parques municipais. As trilhas monitoradas estimulam a capacidade de observação e reflexão, além de uma abordagem histórica dos parques no contexto da história da cidade, permitindo observar a biodiversidade desses lugares, com toda a sua exuberante fauna e flora. Os monitores do programa são universitários e foram capacitados pela Secretaria do Verde e do Meio Ambiente para guiar os paulistanos na descoberta das peculiaridades dos parques da Luz, Piqueri, Tenente Siqueira Campos (Trianon) e Independência. Os interessados em participar das trilhas monitoradas devem se dirigir à Administração dos Parques. A trilha noturna é mais uma novidade do Programa Trilhas Urbanas, onde os paulistanos podem conhecer o parque  e uma forma diferente, ver os animais que só aparecem de noite e sentir o silêncio de uma das maiores cidades do mundo. Para participar da trilha noturna no dia do lançamento não é necessário fazer inscrição, apenas chegar no parque a partir das 19h. O programa Trilhas Urbanas oferece regularmente trilhas monitoradas que devem ser agendadas previamente pelo e-mail: equipetrilhasurbanas@gmail.com.
(...)

Fonte: Disponível em: <http://360graus.terra.com.br>. Acesso em: 22/02/2011.

 

O assunto principal do texto é

EXTRACT 1 

Japan’s shipyards remain intact after quake 

Japan’s major shipyards escaped the full impact of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of the country with full force. An official at the Japan Ship Exporters’ Association said the devastating natural disaster “will have no impact on future export ship orders at all”. Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact, the official said. Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding sustained “slight material damages” in the company’s Kasai Center and Chiba Works but did not consider such slight damages would cause serious impact on operations. “The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries. However, the degree of the impact is not known now,” the company said in a statement. Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February o a year-on-year basis. Japanese shipbuilders received orders for 277 export vessels – 259 bulk carriers, 10 oil tankers and eight general cargo vessels – in the April-February period.

(Adapted from: www.australianmerchantnavy.com, March 2011) 
 

EXTRACT 2 

Tsnunami Debris Expected on U.S. Shores in 3 Years 

The powerful tsunami triggered by the 9.0 Japanese earthquake destroyed coastal towns near Sendai, washing such things as houses and cars into the ocean. Projections of where this debris might head have been made at the international Pacific Research Center, university of Hawaii at Manoa. What their model predicts about the tsunami debris is that they first spread out eastward from the Japan Coast in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In a year, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument will see pieces washing up on its shores; in two years, the remaining Hawaiian islands will see some effects; in three years, the plume will reach the US West Coast, dumping debris on Californian beaches and the beaches of British Columbia, Alaska, and Baja California. The debris will then drift into the famous floating junk yard, the North Pacific Garbage Patch, where it will wander around and break into smaller and smaller pieces. In five years, Hawaii shores can expect to see another barrage of debris that is stronger and longer-lasting than the first one. Much of the debris leaving the North Pacific Garbage Patch ends up on Hawaii’s reefs and beaches. These model projections will help to guide clean-up and tracking operations.

(Adapted from: www.geog.ucsb.edu, April 2011) 

Choose the alternative in which the preposition is used correctly:

EXTRACT 1 

Japan’s shipyards remain intact after quake 

Japan’s major shipyards escaped the full impact of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of the country with full force. An official at the Japan Ship Exporters’ Association said the devastating natural disaster “will have no impact on future export ship orders at all”. Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact, the official said. Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding sustained “slight material damages” in the company’s Kasai Center and Chiba Works but did not consider such slight damages would cause serious impact on operations. “The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries. However, the degree of the impact is not known now,” the company said in a statement. Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February o a year-on-year basis. Japanese shipbuilders received orders for 277 export vessels – 259 bulk carriers, 10 oil tankers and eight general cargo vessels – in the April-February period.

(Adapted from: www.australianmerchantnavy.com, March 2011) 
 

EXTRACT 2 

Tsnunami Debris Expected on U.S. Shores in 3 Years 

The powerful tsunami triggered by the 9.0 Japanese earthquake destroyed coastal towns near Sendai, washing such things as houses and cars into the ocean. Projections of where this debris might head have been made at the international Pacific Research Center, university of Hawaii at Manoa. What their model predicts about the tsunami debris is that they first spread out eastward from the Japan Coast in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In a year, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument will see pieces washing up on its shores; in two years, the remaining Hawaiian islands will see some effects; in three years, the plume will reach the US West Coast, dumping debris on Californian beaches and the beaches of British Columbia, Alaska, and Baja California. The debris will then drift into the famous floating junk yard, the North Pacific Garbage Patch, where it will wander around and break into smaller and smaller pieces. In five years, Hawaii shores can expect to see another barrage of debris that is stronger and longer-lasting than the first one. Much of the debris leaving the North Pacific Garbage Patch ends up on Hawaii’s reefs and beaches. These model projections will help to guide clean-up and tracking operations.

(Adapted from: www.geog.ucsb.edu, April 2011) 

Extract 2 explains that the North Pacific Garbage Patch

EXTRACT 1 

Japan’s shipyards remain intact after quake 

Japan’s major shipyards escaped the full impact of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of the country with full force. An official at the Japan Ship Exporters’ Association said the devastating natural disaster “will have no impact on future export ship orders at all”. Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact, the official said. Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding sustained “slight material damages” in the company’s Kasai Center and Chiba Works but did not consider such slight damages would cause serious impact on operations. “The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries. However, the degree of the impact is not known now,” the company said in a statement. Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February o a year-on-year basis. Japanese shipbuilders received orders for 277 export vessels – 259 bulk carriers, 10 oil tankers and eight general cargo vessels – in the April-February period.

(Adapted from: www.australianmerchantnavy.com, March 2011) 
 

EXTRACT 2 

Tsnunami Debris Expected on U.S. Shores in 3 Years 

The powerful tsunami triggered by the 9.0 Japanese earthquake destroyed coastal towns near Sendai, washing such things as houses and cars into the ocean. Projections of where this debris might head have been made at the international Pacific Research Center, university of Hawaii at Manoa. What their model predicts about the tsunami debris is that they first spread out eastward from the Japan Coast in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In a year, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument will see pieces washing up on its shores; in two years, the remaining Hawaiian islands will see some effects; in three years, the plume will reach the US West Coast, dumping debris on Californian beaches and the beaches of British Columbia, Alaska, and Baja California. The debris will then drift into the famous floating junk yard, the North Pacific Garbage Patch, where it will wander around and break into smaller and smaller pieces. In five years, Hawaii shores can expect to see another barrage of debris that is stronger and longer-lasting than the first one. Much of the debris leaving the North Pacific Garbage Patch ends up on Hawaii’s reefs and beaches. These model projections will help to guide clean-up and tracking operations.

(Adapted from: www.geog.ucsb.edu, April 2011) 

According to the following segment from the first extract: “Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February on a year-on-year basis

EXTRACT 1 

Japan’s shipyards remain intact after quake 

Japan’s major shipyards escaped the full impact of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of the country with full force. An official at the Japan Ship Exporters’ Association said the devastating natural disaster “will have no impact on future export ship orders at all”. Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact, the official said. Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding sustained “slight material damages” in the company’s Kasai Center and Chiba Works but did not consider such slight damages would cause serious impact on operations. “The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries. However, the degree of the impact is not known now,” the company said in a statement. Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February o a year-on-year basis. Japanese shipbuilders received orders for 277 export vessels – 259 bulk carriers, 10 oil tankers and eight general cargo vessels – in the April-February period.

(Adapted from: www.australianmerchantnavy.com, March 2011) 
 

EXTRACT 2 

Tsnunami Debris Expected on U.S. Shores in 3 Years 

The powerful tsunami triggered by the 9.0 Japanese earthquake destroyed coastal towns near Sendai, washing such things as houses and cars into the ocean. Projections of where this debris might head have been made at the international Pacific Research Center, university of Hawaii at Manoa. What their model predicts about the tsunami debris is that they first spread out eastward from the Japan Coast in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In a year, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument will see pieces washing up on its shores; in two years, the remaining Hawaiian islands will see some effects; in three years, the plume will reach the US West Coast, dumping debris on Californian beaches and the beaches of British Columbia, Alaska, and Baja California. The debris will then drift into the famous floating junk yard, the North Pacific Garbage Patch, where it will wander around and break into smaller and smaller pieces. In five years, Hawaii shores can expect to see another barrage of debris that is stronger and longer-lasting than the first one. Much of the debris leaving the North Pacific Garbage Patch ends up on Hawaii’s reefs and beaches. These model projections will help to guide clean-up and tracking operations.

(Adapted from: www.geog.ucsb.edu, April 2011) 

Read the following piece from extract 1 “The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries.” It may be inferred that: