Questões de EFAF Geografia - Hidrografia

EXTRACT 1 

Japan’s shipyards remain intact after quake 

Japan’s major shipyards escaped the full impact of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of the country with full force. An official at the Japan Ship Exporters’ Association said the devastating natural disaster “will have no impact on future export ship orders at all”. Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact, the official said. Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding sustained “slight material damages” in the company’s Kasai Center and Chiba Works but did not consider such slight damages would cause serious impact on operations. “The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries. However, the degree of the impact is not known now,” the company said in a statement. Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February o a year-on-year basis. Japanese shipbuilders received orders for 277 export vessels – 259 bulk carriers, 10 oil tankers and eight general cargo vessels – in the April-February period.

(Adapted from: www.australianmerchantnavy.com, March 2011) 
 

EXTRACT 2 

Tsnunami Debris Expected on U.S. Shores in 3 Years 

The powerful tsunami triggered by the 9.0 Japanese earthquake destroyed coastal towns near Sendai, washing such things as houses and cars into the ocean. Projections of where this debris might head have been made at the international Pacific Research Center, university of Hawaii at Manoa. What their model predicts about the tsunami debris is that they first spread out eastward from the Japan Coast in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In a year, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument will see pieces washing up on its shores; in two years, the remaining Hawaiian islands will see some effects; in three years, the plume will reach the US West Coast, dumping debris on Californian beaches and the beaches of British Columbia, Alaska, and Baja California. The debris will then drift into the famous floating junk yard, the North Pacific Garbage Patch, where it will wander around and break into smaller and smaller pieces. In five years, Hawaii shores can expect to see another barrage of debris that is stronger and longer-lasting than the first one. Much of the debris leaving the North Pacific Garbage Patch ends up on Hawaii’s reefs and beaches. These model projections will help to guide clean-up and tracking operations.

(Adapted from: www.geog.ucsb.edu, April 2011) 

Acoording to the first extract, it is correct to say that:

Com base no texto acima responda a questão:

 

No Estado do Amazonas ocorre o encontro das águas entre o rio Negro, de água negra, e o rio Solimões, de água barrenta. As águas dos dois rios correm lado a lado sem se misturar ao longo de 10 km.

Três fatores principais explicam a ocorrência deste fenômeno: as diferenças entre as densidades das águas, de suas temperaturas e das velocidades de suas correntezas: a velocidade da correnteza do rio Negro é de aproximadamente 2 km/h, a uma temperatura de 28°C, enquanto que a velocidade da correnteza do rio Solimões varia de 4 km/h a 6 km/h, sendo sua temperatura de 22°C.

O Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico do Brasil (Iphan) declarou o encontro dos rios como patrimônio cultural.

Com base no texto acima responda as questões

A Mãe-Terra está morrendo de sede. Os assassinos-suicidas são seus filhos, nós.

 

Quando falamos da água que (ainda) existe em um lugar, estamos nos referindo:

Texto - O RIO TIETÊ

 

    O rio Tietê nasce na Serra do Mar, em Salesópolis, a 96 quilômetros de distância da Capital, e percorre 1.100 quilômetros até a sua desembocadura (foz). Na nascente, ele é limpo e puro, um pequeno filete. No seu trajeto, vai recebendo afluentes e se torna volumoso. Ao passar por Mogi das Cruzes, o Tietê ainda tem oxigênio, que permite a vida aquática. Mas, à medida que se aproxima da Capital, vai recebendo grande carga de detritos domésticos e industriais e se torna um dos rios mais poluídos do mundo. Só depois que sai da capital, a partir da cidade de Barra Bonita, o rio fica novamente limpo.

O pico de consumo de água para atender 16 milhões de pessoas na Grande São Paulo é de 69 mil litros por segundo. Atualmente, a SABESP consegue produzir 60 mil litros por segundo, em média. Metade dessa produção vem de fora da bacia do Alto Tietê. O fato de ter de buscar água longe da capital exigiu investimentos mais altos. Ainda assim, a cidade tem um déficit de 10% no abastecimento.

O principal rio do estado de São Paulo, o Tietê, pertence à bacia hidrográfica do rio

Read the text below and answer question

 

Survivors say Canadian tall ship sank in minutes 

 

     Students and crew rescued from the sinking of a Canadia nowned tal ship in the South Atlantic were back on solid and Saturday after spending up to 40 hours in life rafts after their ship capsized.

    The first of 64 people on board the three-masted SV Concordia were ferried into Rio de Janeiro aboard Brazilian Navy and merchant vessels, exhausted but relieved after their long ordeal.

    Wearing navy caps and borrowed clothing, 12 of those rescued held an emotional news conference in Rio. The rest were to arrive later in the afternoon on two merchant vessels.

    CTV producer Ana Pereira said survivors indicated that the ship went down very quickly, slipping beneath the waves. The ship’s captain said that his vessel sank Wednesday afternoona day earlier than previously reported - after being flipped on its side by a powerful gust of wind. He and his passengers and crew were rescued by merchant ships early Friday.

    Capt. William Curry told reporters he was below deck when the ship suddenly keeled, banking over at a sharp, angle in the strong wind. Curry said that was normal, but when the vessel immediately went over a second time, he knew the vessel was in great danger.

    The captain blamed the wreck on a “microburst”, a sudden, vertical downdraft that struck the entire surf ace area of the Concordia’s sails as it was angled over to one side. Within seconds, the boat went from sailing upright to lying on its side and beginning to sink.

    Thirty minutes later it was completely underwater, Curry said.

    “The boat started keeling a lot”, said 16-year-old passenger Lauren Unsworth, a Dutch-Canadian who lives in Amsterdam. “It came back up, keeled again, was basically lying on its side and all the windows began to break. That’s when we knew it was time to flee.”

    Curry said that they abandoned ship and took to their life rafts in high winds and heavy seas, spending more than a day adrift in the Atlantic before spotting their rescuers.

    “We had been in the life raft for about 30 hours when we saw a search plane for the first time”, Unsworth added. “That’s when we knew we were not alone and that help was on the way.” Toronto-native Keaton Farwell said her biggest fear was that no one was aware the group needed to be rescued.

    “We thought our signal had failed and nobody knew and it could be weeks before we were saved”, she told a news conference. “The worst life-and-death thoughts were going through our heads, and everybody was panicking.”

    The Navy said the distress signal was picked up about 5 p.m. Thursday. An Air Force plane later spotted life rafts in the ocean about 500 kilometers from Rio and a Navy ship and nearby merchant vessels moved in to aid in the rescue.

    The first 12 crew and students came into port aboard a Brazilian Navy frigate. The rest were heading into Rio aboard slower merchant vessels and were expected to arrive later Saturday afternoon.

    The Concordia was five days out from Montevideo, Uruguay, when it sank.

    The Federal Transportations Safety Board says it will assist in an investigation to be led by the ship’s flag state country, Barbados.

    The Concordia is owned by West Island College International with offices in Lunenburg, N.S. Forty-two of those onboard were identified as Canadians, mostly high school and university students, said Kate Knight, head of West Island College International of Lunenburg, which operates the Class Afloat program. Prime Minister Stephen Harper issued a statement thanking the Brazilian Navy and the merchant ships “for their swift and heroic response.”

(Adapted from: www.ctv.ca, www.ap.com, Feb. 2010)

Investigations leading to the causes of the accident will be primarily led by:

 

(A) the Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, who was thankful to the Brazilian Navy and Merchant Ships.

(B) the Canadian Government, because 42 of the passengers on board of the ship were Canadian citizens.

(C) the Brazilian Navy, because they were responsible for the rescue operations.

(D) a third country, neither Brazil nor Canada, because of the ship’s original flag.

(E) the West Island College International, which owns the ship and is thus responsible for the students on board.

 

Comentário: Investigações que levem às causas do acidente serão conduzidas principalmente:

Read the text below and answer question

 

Survivors say Canadian tall ship sank in minutes 

 

     Students and crew rescued from the sinking of a Canadia nowned tal ship in the South Atlantic were back on solid and Saturday after spending up to 40 hours in life rafts after their ship capsized.

    The first of 64 people on board the three-masted SV Concordia were ferried into Rio de Janeiro aboard Brazilian Navy and merchant vessels, exhausted but relieved after their long ordeal.

    Wearing navy caps and borrowed clothing, 12 of those rescued held an emotional news conference in Rio. The rest were to arrive later in the afternoon on two merchant vessels.

    CTV producer Ana Pereira said survivors indicated that the ship went down very quickly, slipping beneath the waves. The ship’s captain said that his vessel sank Wednesday afternoona day earlier than previously reported - after being flipped on its side by a powerful gust of wind. He and his passengers and crew were rescued by merchant ships early Friday.

    Capt. William Curry told reporters he was below deck when the ship suddenly keeled, banking over at a sharp, angle in the strong wind. Curry said that was normal, but when the vessel immediately went over a second time, he knew the vessel was in great danger.

    The captain blamed the wreck on a “microburst”, a sudden, vertical downdraft that struck the entire surf ace area of the Concordia’s sails as it was angled over to one side. Within seconds, the boat went from sailing upright to lying on its side and beginning to sink.

    Thirty minutes later it was completely underwater, Curry said.

    “The boat started keeling a lot”, said 16-year-old passenger Lauren Unsworth, a Dutch-Canadian who lives in Amsterdam. “It came back up, keeled again, was basically lying on its side and all the windows began to break. That’s when we knew it was time to flee.”

    Curry said that they abandoned ship and took to their life rafts in high winds and heavy seas, spending more than a day adrift in the Atlantic before spotting their rescuers.

    “We had been in the life raft for about 30 hours when we saw a search plane for the first time”, Unsworth added. “That’s when we knew we were not alone and that help was on the way.” Toronto-native Keaton Farwell said her biggest fear was that no one was aware the group needed to be rescued.

    “We thought our signal had failed and nobody knew and it could be weeks before we were saved”, she told a news conference. “The worst life-and-death thoughts were going through our heads, and everybody was panicking.”

    The Navy said the distress signal was picked up about 5 p.m. Thursday. An Air Force plane later spotted life rafts in the ocean about 500 kilometers from Rio and a Navy ship and nearby merchant vessels moved in to aid in the rescue.

    The first 12 crew and students came into port aboard a Brazilian Navy frigate. The rest were heading into Rio aboard slower merchant vessels and were expected to arrive later Saturday afternoon.

    The Concordia was five days out from Montevideo, Uruguay, when it sank.

    The Federal Transportations Safety Board says it will assist in an investigation to be led by the ship’s flag state country, Barbados.

    The Concordia is owned by West Island College International with offices in Lunenburg, N.S. Forty-two of those onboard were identified as Canadians, mostly high school and university students, said Kate Knight, head of West Island College International of Lunenburg, which operates the Class Afloat program. Prime Minister Stephen Harper issued a statement thanking the Brazilian Navy and the merchant ships “for their swift and heroic response.”

(Adapted from: www.ctv.ca, www.ap.com, Feb. 2010)

Captain William Curry felt something very bad was about to happen with the Concordia when:

 

(A) he realized the vessel had been flipped on its side.

(B) the ship repeatedly keeled, barking at a sharp angle.

(C) he received the emergency signal from the nearby merchant ships.

(D) rescue ships arrived and removed everyone from the emergency rafts.

(E) the windows began to break as the ship slipped beneath the waves.

 

Comentário: O capitão William Curry sentiu que algo de muito ruim estava prestes a acontecer com o Concordia quando: A) ele percebeu que o navio havia virado de lad