Questões de EFAF Ciências - Ecologia

O aumento na quantidade de gases envolvidos no efeito estufa provoca a intensificação deste fenômeno e, consequentemente, a elevação da temperatura média do planeta.

 

A essa elevação da temperatura do planeta chamamos de:

Cruise ship crash causes more than $18M in damage to pristine Indonesian reef, experts say

Published March 14, 2017.

 

    The damage caused by a British-owned cruise
ship that accidentally ran aground on a pristine
Indonesian coral reef could total more than $18
million, according to academics and environmental

[5] groups working in the region.

    Researchers for Conservation International
Indonesia (CID, Papua State University and the
Regional Technical Implementing Unit (UPTD)
found that the grounding of the 295-foot Caledonian

[10] Sky cruise shp — which weighs 4,200 tons and
carried 102 passengers — caused massive damage to
several endemic reefs that are unique to Raja Ampat,
a remote and idyllic island chain west of Indonesia's
Papua province.

[15]    “The types of reefs that were damaged by the
ship are Genus Porites, Acropora, Poicilopora,
Tubastrea, Montipora, Stylopora, Favia and Pavrites. It
will take decades to restore the reefs,” Ricardo
Tapilatu, who headed the research, told the Jakarta

[20] Post. Tapilatu added that the damage area stretched
for more than 145,000-square-miles.

    The Caledonian Sky, owned by British
company Noble Caledonia, was finishing a bird-
watching trip on Waigeo Island on March 4 when 1t

[25] veered slightly off course and slammed into the reef.
An investigation into the incident found that
the cruise ship allegedly entered the area without
consulting local guides and that ship's crew only
relied on GPS navigation without considering the

[30] tide.

    “The skipper forced the ship to enter the area,
which was not open to cruise ships,” CII spokesman,
Albert Nebore, said.

Noble Caledonia called the accident

[35] an “unfortunate” incident and added that the company
is “firmly committed to protection of the
environment” and fully backed an investigation, but
made no mention of compensation.

    The Caledonian Sky has since been refloated

[40] and an inspection revealed that "the hull was
undamaged and remained intact,” the company said.

    The ship itself “did not take on water, nor was
any pollution reported as a result of the grounding,”
Noble Caledonia added.

[45]    Indonesia”s Environment and  Forestry
Ministry has deployed its staff to identify the
damaged coral reefs and collect evidence that they
will use to demand compensation from the British
company.

[50]    Ministry spokesman Djati Witjaksono said,
“We will discuss with experts the amount of
compensation the company must pay [to Indonesia].”

    Locals in Raja Ampat say that besides the
damage to the reef, the accident has also put a major

[55] strain on the local economy, which relies heavily on
snorkeling and scuba-diving tourism.

    “Coral reefs are the main attraction for many
tourists in the area. It is counterproductive for our
tourism prospects,” Laura Resti, from Raja Ampat's

[60] homestay association, told the BBC. “We have tried
to conserve those coral reefs for a long time, and just
within few hours they were gonc”. Resti added: “I am
so sad and feel ashamed to take tourists there.”

(Adapted from: www.foxnews.com)

In the extract from the first paragraph: “The damage caused by a British-owned cruise ship that accidentally ran aground on a pristine Indonesian coral reef could total more than $18 million (...)”, the word in bold means

Em 1936, Alexander Oparin propõe uma nova explicação para a origem da vida. Sua hipótese se resume no esquema que se segue.

Pela teoria de Oparin, os primeiros seres surgidos na Terra teriam sido:

Rubéola, dengue, caxumba e febre amarela são alguns tipos de doenças causadas por vírus.

 

A respeito delas, é correto afirmar que:

Os organismos mantêm constante troca de matéria com o ambiente. Os elementos químicos são retirados do ambiente pelos organismos, utilizados e novamente devolvidos ao meio, definindo os chamados ciclos biogeoquímicos. A figura representa um desses ciclos.

É correto dizer que a figura representa o ciclo:

Sr. José Horácio, um morador de Ipatinga, MG, flagrou uma cena curiosa, filmou-a e mandou-a para um telejornal. Da ponte de um lago no parque da cidade, pessoas atiravam migalhas de pão aos peixes. Um socozinho (Butorides striata), ave que se alimenta de peixes, recolhia com seu bico algumas migalhas de pão e as levava para um lugar mais calmo, à beira do lago e longe das pessoas. Atirava essas migalhas “roubadas” no lago e, quando os peixes vinham para comê-las, capturava e engolia esses peixes.

 

Sobre os organismos presentes na cena, pode-se afirmar que: