A New Test And Treatment For Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s 1 disease is a deadly neurodegenerative
disorder and there’s no cure for it. However, scientists appear
to have found a compound that could be used to develop a drug
4 for treating patients with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s,
Huntington’s and other disorders.
As you might know, when a brain cell is hijacked by
7 a virus, the result is the building up of viral proteins. The cells
defend by stopping almost all protein production to make sure
that the virus doesn’t spread.
10 The same defense mechanism is started by many
neurodegenerative disorders which involve the production of
“faulty” proteins. But the cells shut down the production of
13 proteins for so long that they die due to hunger. This
mechanism can lead to the death of neurons throughout the
brain, resulting in movement or memory problems or can even
16 be fatal depending on the disorder.
The compound that was used by the scientists
prevented the defense mechanisms from being activated, so
19 there was no neurodegeneration. When the compound was used
on mice, it prevented all neuron death from prion disease.
Of course, more research is required on the compound
22 before a drug can be developed for use on humans, but this
certainly seems to be a good start.
According to Prof. Roger Morris, from King’s College London,
25 “This finding, I suspect, will be judged by history as
a turning point in the search for medicines to control and
prevent Alzheimer’s disease”.
Internet: <www.mobilemag.com> (adapted).
The meaning of “However” (l.2) is equivalent to
A New Test And Treatment For Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s 1 disease is a deadly neurodegenerative
disorder and there’s no cure for it. However, scientists appear
to have found a compound that could be used to develop a drug
4 for treating patients with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s,
Huntington’s and other disorders.
As you might know, when a brain cell is hijacked by
7 a virus, the result is the building up of viral proteins. The cells
defend by stopping almost all protein production to make sure
that the virus doesn’t spread.
10 The same defense mechanism is started by many
neurodegenerative disorders which involve the production of
“faulty” proteins. But the cells shut down the production of
13 proteins for so long that they die due to hunger. This
mechanism can lead to the death of neurons throughout the
brain, resulting in movement or memory problems or can even
16 be fatal depending on the disorder.
The compound that was used by the scientists
prevented the defense mechanisms from being activated, so
19 there was no neurodegeneration. When the compound was used
on mice, it prevented all neuron death from prion disease.
Of course, more research is required on the compound
22 before a drug can be developed for use on humans, but this
certainly seems to be a good start.
According to Prof. Roger Morris, from King’s College London,
25 “This finding, I suspect, will be judged by history as
a turning point in the search for medicines to control and
prevent Alzheimer’s disease”.
Internet: <www.mobilemag.com> (adapted).
The main purpose of the article is
A New Test And Treatment For Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s 1 disease is a deadly neurodegenerative
disorder and there’s no cure for it. However, scientists appear
to have found a compound that could be used to develop a drug
4 for treating patients with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s,
Huntington’s and other disorders.
As you might know, when a brain cell is hijacked by
7 a virus, the result is the building up of viral proteins. The cells
defend by stopping almost all protein production to make sure
that the virus doesn’t spread.
10 The same defense mechanism is started by many
neurodegenerative disorders which involve the production of
“faulty” proteins. But the cells shut down the production of
13 proteins for so long that they die due to hunger. This
mechanism can lead to the death of neurons throughout the
brain, resulting in movement or memory problems or can even
16 be fatal depending on the disorder.
The compound that was used by the scientists
prevented the defense mechanisms from being activated, so
19 there was no neurodegeneration. When the compound was used
on mice, it prevented all neuron death from prion disease.
Of course, more research is required on the compound
22 before a drug can be developed for use on humans, but this
certainly seems to be a good start.
According to Prof. Roger Morris, from King’s College London,
25 “This finding, I suspect, will be judged by history as
a turning point in the search for medicines to control and
prevent Alzheimer’s disease”.
Internet: <www.mobilemag.com> (adapted).
According to the text, it is correct to state that
A New Test And Treatment For Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s 1 disease is a deadly neurodegenerative
disorder and there’s no cure for it. However, scientists appear
to have found a compound that could be used to develop a drug
4 for treating patients with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s,
Huntington’s and other disorders.
As you might know, when a brain cell is hijacked by
7 a virus, the result is the building up of viral proteins. The cells
defend by stopping almost all protein production to make sure
that the virus doesn’t spread.
10 The same defense mechanism is started by many
neurodegenerative disorders which involve the production of
“faulty” proteins. But the cells shut down the production of
13 proteins for so long that they die due to hunger. This
mechanism can lead to the death of neurons throughout the
brain, resulting in movement or memory problems or can even
16 be fatal depending on the disorder.
The compound that was used by the scientists
prevented the defense mechanisms from being activated, so
19 there was no neurodegeneration. When the compound was used
on mice, it prevented all neuron death from prion disease.
Of course, more research is required on the compound
22 before a drug can be developed for use on humans, but this
certainly seems to be a good start.
According to Prof. Roger Morris, from King’s College London,
25 “This finding, I suspect, will be judged by history as
a turning point in the search for medicines to control and
prevent Alzheimer’s disease”.
Internet: <www.mobilemag.com> (adapted).
Choose which of the options below is the best equivalent to the excerpt “scientists appear to have found a compound that could be used to develop a drug for treating patients” (l.2-4).
A New Test And Treatment For Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s 1 disease is a deadly neurodegenerative
disorder and there’s no cure for it. However, scientists appear
to have found a compound that could be used to develop a drug
4 for treating patients with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s,
Huntington’s and other disorders.
As you might know, when a brain cell is hijacked by
7 a virus, the result is the building up of viral proteins. The cells
defend by stopping almost all protein production to make sure
that the virus doesn’t spread.
10 The same defense mechanism is started by many
neurodegenerative disorders which involve the production of
“faulty” proteins. But the cells shut down the production of
13 proteins for so long that they die due to hunger. This
mechanism can lead to the death of neurons throughout the
brain, resulting in movement or memory problems or can even
16 be fatal depending on the disorder.
The compound that was used by the scientists
prevented the defense mechanisms from being activated, so
19 there was no neurodegeneration. When the compound was used
on mice, it prevented all neuron death from prion disease.
Of course, more research is required on the compound
22 before a drug can be developed for use on humans, but this
certainly seems to be a good start.
According to Prof. Roger Morris, from King’s College London,
25 “This finding, I suspect, will be judged by history as
a turning point in the search for medicines to control and
prevent Alzheimer’s disease”.
Internet: <www.mobilemag.com> (adapted).
The word “they” in the excerpt “But the cells shut down the production of proteins for so long that they die due to hunger.” (l.12-13) refers to
Elephant Crisis: The Largest Land Mammal Needs our Help
by Dr. Dame Daphne Sheldrick
1 Elephants have captured the imagination of
individuals across the world. Majestic beings, they have
fascinated even those who may never have enjoyed close
4 contact with them.
It’s this empathy that has led thousands of people
worldwide today to join the International March for Elephants
7 organized by iworry, a campaign by the David Sheldrick
Wildlife Trust, to publicize the warning that the future survival
of elephants is at serious risk.
10 Some may wonder why elephants matter. I have been
privileged to live amongst them and have nurtured a lifelong
passion to protect them for over 55 years. My team and I have
13 hand-reared more than 160 orphaned elephants to date, some
from the day they were born. It’s a long-term commitment, and
I have known them intimately throughout infancy and
16 childhood into their teenage years and beyond.
Scientific studies of elephants have now led to the
acceptance of abilities that we have observed on a daily basis
19 for many years. Elephants share the same emotions as humans,
with a strong sense of family and the same sense of death. Like
us, they suffer with the loss of loved ones. Each has an
22 individual personality just like us. They can be mischievous,
playful, feel offended or foolish.
In many ways they are better than us, and they have
25 attributes that we humans lack, such as the ability to
communicate over distance using low range sound hidden to
human ears. They have telepathic capabilities, as well as being
28 sensitive to seismic sound through their feet. Yet for all the
worldly reverence for elephants, they are today being hunted
and killed at a catastrophic rate for something as simple as a
31 tooth.
The phenomenon of poaching elephants for their tusks
is not new. It was only through awareness campaigns and
34 international pressure that a ban on the international sale of
ivory was enacted in 1989. This ban provided a brief relief for
elephants by stopping an increasing trade that in some regions
37 caused the loss of up to 80 percent of herds.
However, poaching has escalated in already
devastated populations recently. The interest in ivory
40 stimulated demand, and the result is that elephants are now
being poached at the highest rate since records of their numbers
began. Current estimates put the figure at 36,000 elephants
43 killed annually, which means one elephant dying every 15
minutes.
To date we’ve arrested 1,406 poachers, and our
46 veterinary teams have successfully treated over 500 wounded
elephants.
As long as any trade in ivory remains—legal or illegal,
49 global or domestic—elephants will continue to be cruelly killed
for their tusks.
Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
Based on the article above, it is correct to say that