PUC- RJ 2018 Inverno
70 Questões
Animals' popularity 'a disadvantage'
By Mary HaltonScience reporter, BBC News
13 April 2018
A survey of the public's perceptions suggests many people are unaware that the animals they consider
"charismatic" are under threat in the wild. These include lions, elephants, tigers and other animals which frequently
appear in branding and advertising.
Researchers suspect the animals' media ubiquity may lead people to think they are prospering in the wild. The
[5] findings were published by an international team of scientists in PLOS Biology.
The notion of "charismatic" species has cropped up recently in conservation biology, explains Dr Franck
Courchamp, the study's lead author. "There is a regular claim that the most charismatic species are diverting most
of the time and resources [in conservation]. I started wondering whether this was true and followed by better
results in conservation," he told BBC News.
[10] Dr Courchamp and his team set out to determine exactly which species these might be. Using an online survey
available in four languages, supplemented by classroom questionnaires in English, Spanish and French primary
schools, researchers asked the public to name the wild species they considered most charismatic. They also looked
at how frequently animals were represented on zoo websites, and on the covers of Disney and Pixar animated
films.
15 Additionally, the team had volunteers in France catalogue their encounters with "virtual" populations of the 10
animals over the period of a week. They encountered an average of 4.4 lions in logos, cartoons, magazines and
other sources each day, implying that people are likely to see two to three times as many "virtual" lions in a year
as there are lions in West Africa.
Dr Courchamp thinks this may have a subconscious impact, though there is no direct evidence as of yet. "Mostly I
[20] think because people see giraffes and lions every day of their life, they unconsciously think they are in abundance,"
he said.
Despite their abundant media representation, nine of the animals on the list are classed as vulnerable, endangered
or critically endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
When researchers asked survey participants whether they thought these animals were endangered, explaining that
[25 they were not using IUCN terminology, they were surprised by the results. Almost half of respondents thought that
critically endangered gorillas were not under threat.
But conservation biologist Dr Sarah Durant cautions that this doesn't yet establish "a causal relationship between
seeing the species frequently in society and whether that relates to our bias perception of their endangerment."
Other factors may influence people's understanding of a species' status, and their participation in conservation
[30] efforts.
"We don't know that much about the psychology behind conservation. It's a very new field. I think a lot of people
often feel overwhelmed as well, because the problems are so huge," added the Zoological Society of London
researcher, who was not involved in the study. "It would be an interesting area for further research," she said.
Dr Courchamp proposes an innovative solution; funding conservation by "copyrighting" the image of vulnerable or
[35] endangered species. Companies would donate money to NGOs in return for using the animals in their branding or
advertising. "I think it's not so unrealistic," says Dr Courchamp.
"There are already some companies that do that. Jaguar are in partnership with Panthera. Lacoste... also made a
campaign recently where they replaced their logo with silhouettes of endangered species."
Dr Durant observes that it would likely be difficult to execute, but is an interesting suggestion. "This is just the first
[40] step," she commented, "putting this idea out there. Hopefully it will open a discussion about the use of these
species and how it relates to their conservation."
Time is certainly short for some of the animals on the list. Ecologists predict that, without sustained conservation
efforts, elephants will become extinct in the wild within a century. Cheetah are facing an imminent population
decline of up to 70%, and are already confined to just 9% of their historical territory in Africa.
[45] Dr Courchamp feels that more needs to be done. "At the moment we are doing first aid on species that are on the
verge of dying. We are just pushing the day they go extinct in the wild, we are not saving them."
Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-437426
The author’s main purpose in the text is to
Animals' popularity 'a disadvantage'
By Mary HaltonScience reporter, BBC News
13 April 2018
A survey of the public's perceptions suggests many people are unaware that the animals they consider
"charismatic" are under threat in the wild. These include lions, elephants, tigers and other animals which frequently
appear in branding and advertising.
Researchers suspect the animals' media ubiquity may lead people to think they are prospering in the wild. The
[5] findings were published by an international team of scientists in PLOS Biology.
The notion of "charismatic" species has cropped up recently in conservation biology, explains Dr Franck
Courchamp, the study's lead author. "There is a regular claim that the most charismatic species are diverting most
of the time and resources [in conservation]. I started wondering whether this was true and followed by better
results in conservation," he told BBC News.
[10] Dr Courchamp and his team set out to determine exactly which species these might be. Using an online survey
available in four languages, supplemented by classroom questionnaires in English, Spanish and French primary
schools, researchers asked the public to name the wild species they considered most charismatic. They also looked
at how frequently animals were represented on zoo websites, and on the covers of Disney and Pixar animated
films.
15 Additionally, the team had volunteers in France catalogue their encounters with "virtual" populations of the 10
animals over the period of a week. They encountered an average of 4.4 lions in logos, cartoons, magazines and
other sources each day, implying that people are likely to see two to three times as many "virtual" lions in a year
as there are lions in West Africa.
Dr Courchamp thinks this may have a subconscious impact, though there is no direct evidence as of yet. "Mostly I
[20] think because people see giraffes and lions every day of their life, they unconsciously think they are in abundance,"
he said.
Despite their abundant media representation, nine of the animals on the list are classed as vulnerable, endangered
or critically endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
When researchers asked survey participants whether they thought these animals were endangered, explaining that
[25 they were not using IUCN terminology, they were surprised by the results. Almost half of respondents thought that
critically endangered gorillas were not under threat.
But conservation biologist Dr Sarah Durant cautions that this doesn't yet establish "a causal relationship between
seeing the species frequently in society and whether that relates to our bias perception of their endangerment."
Other factors may influence people's understanding of a species' status, and their participation in conservation
[30] efforts.
"We don't know that much about the psychology behind conservation. It's a very new field. I think a lot of people
often feel overwhelmed as well, because the problems are so huge," added the Zoological Society of London
researcher, who was not involved in the study. "It would be an interesting area for further research," she said.
Dr Courchamp proposes an innovative solution; funding conservation by "copyrighting" the image of vulnerable or
[35] endangered species. Companies would donate money to NGOs in return for using the animals in their branding or
advertising. "I think it's not so unrealistic," says Dr Courchamp.
"There are already some companies that do that. Jaguar are in partnership with Panthera. Lacoste... also made a
campaign recently where they replaced their logo with silhouettes of endangered species."
Dr Durant observes that it would likely be difficult to execute, but is an interesting suggestion. "This is just the first
[40] step," she commented, "putting this idea out there. Hopefully it will open a discussion about the use of these
species and how it relates to their conservation."
Time is certainly short for some of the animals on the list. Ecologists predict that, without sustained conservation
efforts, elephants will become extinct in the wild within a century. Cheetah are facing an imminent population
decline of up to 70%, and are already confined to just 9% of their historical territory in Africa.
[45] Dr Courchamp feels that more needs to be done. "At the moment we are doing first aid on species that are on the
verge of dying. We are just pushing the day they go extinct in the wild, we are not saving them."
Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-437426
In the fragment “The notion of ‘charismatic’ species has cropped up recently in conservation biology” (line 6), “cropped up” can be substituted by
Animals' popularity 'a disadvantage'
By Mary HaltonScience reporter, BBC News
13 April 2018
A survey of the public's perceptions suggests many people are unaware that the animals they consider
"charismatic" are under threat in the wild. These include lions, elephants, tigers and other animals which frequently
appear in branding and advertising.
Researchers suspect the animals' media ubiquity may lead people to think they are prospering in the wild. The
[5] findings were published by an international team of scientists in PLOS Biology.
The notion of "charismatic" species has cropped up recently in conservation biology, explains Dr Franck
Courchamp, the study's lead author. "There is a regular claim that the most charismatic species are diverting most
of the time and resources [in conservation]. I started wondering whether this was true and followed by better
results in conservation," he told BBC News.
[10] Dr Courchamp and his team set out to determine exactly which species these might be. Using an online survey
available in four languages, supplemented by classroom questionnaires in English, Spanish and French primary
schools, researchers asked the public to name the wild species they considered most charismatic. They also looked
at how frequently animals were represented on zoo websites, and on the covers of Disney and Pixar animated
films.
15 Additionally, the team had volunteers in France catalogue their encounters with "virtual" populations of the 10
animals over the period of a week. They encountered an average of 4.4 lions in logos, cartoons, magazines and
other sources each day, implying that people are likely to see two to three times as many "virtual" lions in a year
as there are lions in West Africa.
Dr Courchamp thinks this may have a subconscious impact, though there is no direct evidence as of yet. "Mostly I
[20] think because people see giraffes and lions every day of their life, they unconsciously think they are in abundance,"
he said.
Despite their abundant media representation, nine of the animals on the list are classed as vulnerable, endangered
or critically endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
When researchers asked survey participants whether they thought these animals were endangered, explaining that
[25 they were not using IUCN terminology, they were surprised by the results. Almost half of respondents thought that
critically endangered gorillas were not under threat.
But conservation biologist Dr Sarah Durant cautions that this doesn't yet establish "a causal relationship between
seeing the species frequently in society and whether that relates to our bias perception of their endangerment."
Other factors may influence people's understanding of a species' status, and their participation in conservation
[30] efforts.
"We don't know that much about the psychology behind conservation. It's a very new field. I think a lot of people
often feel overwhelmed as well, because the problems are so huge," added the Zoological Society of London
researcher, who was not involved in the study. "It would be an interesting area for further research," she said.
Dr Courchamp proposes an innovative solution; funding conservation by "copyrighting" the image of vulnerable or
[35] endangered species. Companies would donate money to NGOs in return for using the animals in their branding or
advertising. "I think it's not so unrealistic," says Dr Courchamp.
"There are already some companies that do that. Jaguar are in partnership with Panthera. Lacoste... also made a
campaign recently where they replaced their logo with silhouettes of endangered species."
Dr Durant observes that it would likely be difficult to execute, but is an interesting suggestion. "This is just the first
[40] step," she commented, "putting this idea out there. Hopefully it will open a discussion about the use of these
species and how it relates to their conservation."
Time is certainly short for some of the animals on the list. Ecologists predict that, without sustained conservation
efforts, elephants will become extinct in the wild within a century. Cheetah are facing an imminent population
decline of up to 70%, and are already confined to just 9% of their historical territory in Africa.
[45] Dr Courchamp feels that more needs to be done. "At the moment we are doing first aid on species that are on the
verge of dying. We are just pushing the day they go extinct in the wild, we are not saving them."
Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-437426
In the fragment “Dr Courchamp and his team set out to determine exactly which species these might be.” (line 10), “might” expresses an idea of
Animals' popularity 'a disadvantage'
By Mary HaltonScience reporter, BBC News
13 April 2018
A survey of the public's perceptions suggests many people are unaware that the animals they consider
"charismatic" are under threat in the wild. These include lions, elephants, tigers and other animals which frequently
appear in branding and advertising.
Researchers suspect the animals' media ubiquity may lead people to think they are prospering in the wild. The
[5] findings were published by an international team of scientists in PLOS Biology.
The notion of "charismatic" species has cropped up recently in conservation biology, explains Dr Franck
Courchamp, the study's lead author. "There is a regular claim that the most charismatic species are diverting most
of the time and resources [in conservation]. I started wondering whether this was true and followed by better
results in conservation," he told BBC News.
[10] Dr Courchamp and his team set out to determine exactly which species these might be. Using an online survey
available in four languages, supplemented by classroom questionnaires in English, Spanish and French primary
schools, researchers asked the public to name the wild species they considered most charismatic. They also looked
at how frequently animals were represented on zoo websites, and on the covers of Disney and Pixar animated
films.
15 Additionally, the team had volunteers in France catalogue their encounters with "virtual" populations of the 10
animals over the period of a week. They encountered an average of 4.4 lions in logos, cartoons, magazines and
other sources each day, implying that people are likely to see two to three times as many "virtual" lions in a year
as there are lions in West Africa.
Dr Courchamp thinks this may have a subconscious impact, though there is no direct evidence as of yet. "Mostly I
[20] think because people see giraffes and lions every day of their life, they unconsciously think they are in abundance,"
he said.
Despite their abundant media representation, nine of the animals on the list are classed as vulnerable, endangered
or critically endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
When researchers asked survey participants whether they thought these animals were endangered, explaining that
[25 they were not using IUCN terminology, they were surprised by the results. Almost half of respondents thought that
critically endangered gorillas were not under threat.
But conservation biologist Dr Sarah Durant cautions that this doesn't yet establish "a causal relationship between
seeing the species frequently in society and whether that relates to our bias perception of their endangerment."
Other factors may influence people's understanding of a species' status, and their participation in conservation
[30] efforts.
"We don't know that much about the psychology behind conservation. It's a very new field. I think a lot of people
often feel overwhelmed as well, because the problems are so huge," added the Zoological Society of London
researcher, who was not involved in the study. "It would be an interesting area for further research," she said.
Dr Courchamp proposes an innovative solution; funding conservation by "copyrighting" the image of vulnerable or
[35] endangered species. Companies would donate money to NGOs in return for using the animals in their branding or
advertising. "I think it's not so unrealistic," says Dr Courchamp.
"There are already some companies that do that. Jaguar are in partnership with Panthera. Lacoste... also made a
campaign recently where they replaced their logo with silhouettes of endangered species."
Dr Durant observes that it would likely be difficult to execute, but is an interesting suggestion. "This is just the first
[40] step," she commented, "putting this idea out there. Hopefully it will open a discussion about the use of these
species and how it relates to their conservation."
Time is certainly short for some of the animals on the list. Ecologists predict that, without sustained conservation
efforts, elephants will become extinct in the wild within a century. Cheetah are facing an imminent population
decline of up to 70%, and are already confined to just 9% of their historical territory in Africa.
[45] Dr Courchamp feels that more needs to be done. "At the moment we are doing first aid on species that are on the
verge of dying. We are just pushing the day they go extinct in the wild, we are not saving them."
Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-437426
Based on the meanings expressed in the text, it is correct to affirm that
Animals' popularity 'a disadvantage'
By Mary HaltonScience reporter, BBC News
13 April 2018
A survey of the public's perceptions suggests many people are unaware that the animals they consider
"charismatic" are under threat in the wild. These include lions, elephants, tigers and other animals which frequently
appear in branding and advertising.
Researchers suspect the animals' media ubiquity may lead people to think they are prospering in the wild. The
[5] findings were published by an international team of scientists in PLOS Biology.
The notion of "charismatic" species has cropped up recently in conservation biology, explains Dr Franck
Courchamp, the study's lead author. "There is a regular claim that the most charismatic species are diverting most
of the time and resources [in conservation]. I started wondering whether this was true and followed by better
results in conservation," he told BBC News.
[10] Dr Courchamp and his team set out to determine exactly which species these might be. Using an online survey
available in four languages, supplemented by classroom questionnaires in English, Spanish and French primary
schools, researchers asked the public to name the wild species they considered most charismatic. They also looked
at how frequently animals were represented on zoo websites, and on the covers of Disney and Pixar animated
films.
15 Additionally, the team had volunteers in France catalogue their encounters with "virtual" populations of the 10
animals over the period of a week. They encountered an average of 4.4 lions in logos, cartoons, magazines and
other sources each day, implying that people are likely to see two to three times as many "virtual" lions in a year
as there are lions in West Africa.
Dr Courchamp thinks this may have a subconscious impact, though there is no direct evidence as of yet. "Mostly I
[20] think because people see giraffes and lions every day of their life, they unconsciously think they are in abundance,"
he said.
Despite their abundant media representation, nine of the animals on the list are classed as vulnerable, endangered
or critically endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
When researchers asked survey participants whether they thought these animals were endangered, explaining that
[25 they were not using IUCN terminology, they were surprised by the results. Almost half of respondents thought that
critically endangered gorillas were not under threat.
But conservation biologist Dr Sarah Durant cautions that this doesn't yet establish "a causal relationship between
seeing the species frequently in society and whether that relates to our bias perception of their endangerment."
Other factors may influence people's understanding of a species' status, and their participation in conservation
[30] efforts.
"We don't know that much about the psychology behind conservation. It's a very new field. I think a lot of people
often feel overwhelmed as well, because the problems are so huge," added the Zoological Society of London
researcher, who was not involved in the study. "It would be an interesting area for further research," she said.
Dr Courchamp proposes an innovative solution; funding conservation by "copyrighting" the image of vulnerable or
[35] endangered species. Companies would donate money to NGOs in return for using the animals in their branding or
advertising. "I think it's not so unrealistic," says Dr Courchamp.
"There are already some companies that do that. Jaguar are in partnership with Panthera. Lacoste... also made a
campaign recently where they replaced their logo with silhouettes of endangered species."
Dr Durant observes that it would likely be difficult to execute, but is an interesting suggestion. "This is just the first
[40] step," she commented, "putting this idea out there. Hopefully it will open a discussion about the use of these
species and how it relates to their conservation."
Time is certainly short for some of the animals on the list. Ecologists predict that, without sustained conservation
efforts, elephants will become extinct in the wild within a century. Cheetah are facing an imminent population
decline of up to 70%, and are already confined to just 9% of their historical territory in Africa.
[45] Dr Courchamp feels that more needs to be done. "At the moment we are doing first aid on species that are on the
verge of dying. We are just pushing the day they go extinct in the wild, we are not saving them."
Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-437426
In the fragment “Despite their abundant media representation, nine of the animals on the list are classed as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered…” (lines 22-23), “despite” can be substituted, without change in meaning, by
Animals' popularity 'a disadvantage'
By Mary HaltonScience reporter, BBC News
13 April 2018
A survey of the public's perceptions suggests many people are unaware that the animals they consider
"charismatic" are under threat in the wild. These include lions, elephants, tigers and other animals which frequently
appear in branding and advertising.
Researchers suspect the animals' media ubiquity may lead people to think they are prospering in the wild. The
[5] findings were published by an international team of scientists in PLOS Biology.
The notion of "charismatic" species has cropped up recently in conservation biology, explains Dr Franck
Courchamp, the study's lead author. "There is a regular claim that the most charismatic species are diverting most
of the time and resources [in conservation]. I started wondering whether this was true and followed by better
results in conservation," he told BBC News.
[10] Dr Courchamp and his team set out to determine exactly which species these might be. Using an online survey
available in four languages, supplemented by classroom questionnaires in English, Spanish and French primary
schools, researchers asked the public to name the wild species they considered most charismatic. They also looked
at how frequently animals were represented on zoo websites, and on the covers of Disney and Pixar animated
films.
15 Additionally, the team had volunteers in France catalogue their encounters with "virtual" populations of the 10
animals over the period of a week. They encountered an average of 4.4 lions in logos, cartoons, magazines and
other sources each day, implying that people are likely to see two to three times as many "virtual" lions in a year
as there are lions in West Africa.
Dr Courchamp thinks this may have a subconscious impact, though there is no direct evidence as of yet. "Mostly I
[20] think because people see giraffes and lions every day of their life, they unconsciously think they are in abundance,"
he said.
Despite their abundant media representation, nine of the animals on the list are classed as vulnerable, endangered
or critically endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
When researchers asked survey participants whether they thought these animals were endangered, explaining that
[25 they were not using IUCN terminology, they were surprised by the results. Almost half of respondents thought that
critically endangered gorillas were not under threat.
But conservation biologist Dr Sarah Durant cautions that this doesn't yet establish "a causal relationship between
seeing the species frequently in society and whether that relates to our bias perception of their endangerment."
Other factors may influence people's understanding of a species' status, and their participation in conservation
[30] efforts.
"We don't know that much about the psychology behind conservation. It's a very new field. I think a lot of people
often feel overwhelmed as well, because the problems are so huge," added the Zoological Society of London
researcher, who was not involved in the study. "It would be an interesting area for further research," she said.
Dr Courchamp proposes an innovative solution; funding conservation by "copyrighting" the image of vulnerable or
[35] endangered species. Companies would donate money to NGOs in return for using the animals in their branding or
advertising. "I think it's not so unrealistic," says Dr Courchamp.
"There are already some companies that do that. Jaguar are in partnership with Panthera. Lacoste... also made a
campaign recently where they replaced their logo with silhouettes of endangered species."
Dr Durant observes that it would likely be difficult to execute, but is an interesting suggestion. "This is just the first
[40] step," she commented, "putting this idea out there. Hopefully it will open a discussion about the use of these
species and how it relates to their conservation."
Time is certainly short for some of the animals on the list. Ecologists predict that, without sustained conservation
efforts, elephants will become extinct in the wild within a century. Cheetah are facing an imminent population
decline of up to 70%, and are already confined to just 9% of their historical territory in Africa.
[45] Dr Courchamp feels that more needs to be done. "At the moment we are doing first aid on species that are on the
verge of dying. We are just pushing the day they go extinct in the wild, we are not saving them."
Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-437426
According to paragraph 8 (lines 24-26),