Questões de Inglês - Listening/Speaking - Discourse

De acordo com o cartum,

Read the Texts I and II to answer question.

 

Text I

 

Brazil's government claims its policies aren't to blame for the fires ravaging the Amazon rainforest. But scientists in Brazil and elsewhere disagree. Satellite data show the rise in blazes is linked to a recent rise in deforestation, which is at least partly the result of government policies, they argue. Most of the fires occur in municipalities with the highest rate of deforestation this year. Many are active for several days, burning with intense heat and producing tall, thick, smoke pillars—all indicators that trees are on fire, not overgrown pastures, crop residues, or roadside vegetation.

(Fonte: Disponível em: https://science.science mag.org/content/365/6456/853.summary. Acesso em: nov. 2019).

 

Text II

 

Precipitation decline and vegetation fires in the Amazon region associated with climate change and deforestation expose local communities to hazardous air quality that may lead to damages in human health such as diseases of the respiratory system. Since 2000, drought incidence over the Amazon has been observed at a higher frequency than during the last century, and the effects of the drier climate and fires on human health remain uncertain.

(Fonte: Disponível em:  https://www.science direct.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1470160X193 08118. Acesso em: nov. 2019).

According to Text I:

Remarks by the President Barack Obama on Osama Bin Laden (Part I)
THE PRESIDENT: Good evening. Tonight, I can report to the American people and to the world that the United States has conducted an operation that killed Osama bin Laden, the leader of al Qaeda, and a terrorist who’s responsible for the murder of thousands of innocent men, women, and children.
It was nearly 10 years ago that a bright September day was darkened by the worst attack on the American people in our history. The images of 9/11 are seared into our national memory hijacked planes cutting through a cloudless September sky; the Twin Towers collapsing to the ground; black smoke billowing up from the Pentagon; the wreckage of Flight 93 in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, where the actions of heroic citizens saved even more heartbreak and destruction.
And yet we know that the worst images are those that were unseen to the world. The empty seat at the dinner table. Children who were forced to grow up without their mother or their father. Parents who would never know the feeling of their child’s embrace. Nearly 3,000 citizens taken from us, leaving a gaping hole in our hearts.
On September 11, 2001, in our time of grief, the American people came together. We offered our neighbors a hand, and we offered the wounded our blood. We reaffirmed our ties to each other, and our love of community and country. On that day, no matter where we came from, what God we prayed to, or what race or ethnicity we were, we were united as one American family.
We were also united in our resolve to protect our nation and to bring those who committed this vicious attack to justice. We quickly learned that the 9/11 attacks were carried out by al Qaeda an organization headed by Osama bin Laden, which had openly declared war on the United States and was committed to killing innocents in our country and around the globe. And so we went to war against al Qaeda to protect our citizens, our friends, and our allies.
(…)

The prefix UN (in unseen), RE (in reaffirmed) means, respectively:

FOR CATS, A BIG GULP WITH A TOUCH OF THE TONGUE

 

  It has taken four highly qualified engineers and a bunch of integral equations to figure it out, but we now know how cats drink. The answer is: very elegantly, and not at all the way you might suppose. Cats lap water so fast that the human eye cannot follow what is happening, which is why the trick had apparently escaped attention until now. With the use of high-speed photography, the neatness of the feline solution has been captured. The act of drinking may seem like no big deal for anyone who can fully close his mouth to create suction, as people can. But the various species that cannot do so — and that includes most adult carnivores — must resort to some other mechanism. Dog owners are familiar with the unseemly lapping noises that ensue when their thirsty pet meets a bowl of water. The dog is thrusting its tongue into the water, forming a crude cup with it and hauling the liquid back into the muzzle.

  Cats, both big and little, are so much classier, according to new research by Pedro M. Reis and Roman Stocker of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, joined by Sunghwan Jung of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Jeffrey M. Aristoff of Princeton. Writing in the Thursday issue of Science, the four engineers report that the cat’s lapping method depends on its instinctive ability to calculate the balance between opposing gravitational and inertial forces. What happens is that the cat darts its tongue, curving the upper side downward so that the tip lightly touches the surface of the water.

  The tongue is then pulled upward at high speed, drawing a column of water behind it. Just at the moment that gravity finally overcomes the rush of the water and starts to pull the column down — snap! The cat’s jaws have closed over the jet of water and swallowed it. The cat laps four times a second — too fast for the human eye to see anything but a blur — and its tongue moves at a speed of one meter per second. Being engineers, the cat-lapping team next tested its findings with a machine that mimicked a cat’s tongue, using a glass disk at the end of a piston to serve as the tip. After calculating things like the Froude number and the aspect ratio, they were able to figure out how fast a cat should lap to get the greatest amount of water into its mouth. The cats, it turns out, were way ahead of them — they lap at just that speed. To the scientific mind, the next obvious question is whether bigger cats should lap at different speeds.

WADE, Nicholas. For cats, a big gulp with a touch of the tongue. Disponível em: <http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/12/science/12cats.html?_r=1&hpw> Acesso em: 20 nov. 2010.

The main goal of the scientific text above is to reveal how:

[1] I am happy to join ........ you today in

what will go down in history as the greatest

demonstration for freedom in the history of

our nation.

[5] In the process ........ gaining our rightful

place we must not be guilty of wrongful

deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for

freedom ........ drinking from the cup of

bitterness and hatred. We must forever

[10] conduct our struggle on the high plane of

dignity and discipline. We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical

violence. The marvelous new militancy which

has engulfed the Negro community must not

[15] lead us to distrust of all white people, for

many of our white brothers, as evidenced by

their presence here today, have come to

realize that their destiny is tied up with our

destiny and their freedom is inextricably

[20] bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.

I have a dream that one day this nation

will rise up and live out the true meaning of

its creed: "We hold these truths to be selfevident:

that all men are created equal." I

[25] have a dream that my four little children will

one day live in a nation where they will not be

judged by the color of their skin but by the

content of their character.

This is our hope. This is the faith that I go

[30] back to the South with. When we allow

freedom to ring, when we let it ring from

every state and every city, we will speed up that

day when all of God's children, black men and

white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and

[35] Catholics, will join hands and sing the old Negro

spiritual, "Free at last! free at last! thank God

Almighty, we are free at last!"

Adaptado de: LUTHER KING JR., Martin. I have a dream. Disponível em: <http://www.archives.gov/press/ exhibits/dream-speech.pdf>. Acesso em: 06 set. 2013.

Assinale a alternativa que poderia substituir inextricably bound (l. 19-20) sem prejuízo do sentido e da correção gramatical.

[1] I am happy to join ........ you today in

what will go down in history as the greatest

demonstration for freedom in the history of

our nation.

[5] In the process ........ gaining our rightful

place we must not be guilty of wrongful

deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for

freedom ........ drinking from the cup of

bitterness and hatred. We must forever

[10] conduct our struggle on the high plane of

dignity and discipline. We must not allow our

creative protest to degenerate into physical

violence. The marvelous new militancy which

has engulfed the Negro community must not

[15] lead us to distrust of all white people, for

many of our white brothers, as evidenced by

their presence here today, have come to

realize that their destiny is tied up with our

destiny and their freedom is inextricably

[20] bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.

I have a dream that one day this nation

will rise up and live out the true meaning of

its creed: "We hold these truths to be selfevident:

that all men are created equal." I

[25] have a dream that my four little children will

one day live in a nation where they will not be

judged by the color of their skin but by the

content of their character.

This is our hope. This is the faith that I go

[30] back to the South with. When we allow

freedom to ring, when we let it ring from

every state and every city, we will speed up that

day when all of God's children, black men and

white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and

[35] Catholics, will join hands and sing the old Negro

spiritual, "Free at last! free at last! thank God

Almighty, we are free at last!"

Adaptado de: LUTHER KING JR., Martin. I have a dream. Disponível em: <http://www.archives.gov/press/ exhibits/dream-speech.pdf>. Acesso em: 06 set. 2013.

Considere as seguintes afirmações sobre o texto.

 

I - O protesto, segundo o pastor, é um ato criativo, e apenas degenerados se entregam à violência física.

II - O pastor sonhou que seus quatro filhos viviam em um país onde não havia racismo.

III - A liberdade que diferentes crenças pregam só será plena, segundo Martin Luther King Jr., quando também os negros puderem sentir-se livres.

 

Quais estão corretas?