Questões de Inglês - Reading/Writing - Synopsis

The following text refers to question.

 

Shōgun: The brutal Japanese history that inspired 2024’s latest TV hit

    There’s a stomach-churning moment in the debut episode of FX/Disney+’s Shōgun that sets the standard for the kind of brutality surely to follow. Having endured starvation, scurvy, and a captain’s suicide aboard a ravaged Dutch trade ship, pilot major John Blackthorne and his surviving crew are shipwrecked off the coast of Anjiro, only to be thrown into a pit by sword-wielding captors to await their fate. Though Blackthorne avoids execution himself, a member of his entourage is less fortunate — he’s bound and placed into a cauldron, where he is slowly boiled to death.

    This is Japan in the year 1600 — a time of great unrest after two centuries of civil wars. Here, Blackthorne — based on the real-life navigator William Adams, the first Englishman to reach Japan — must assimilate to a brutal, foreign reality as a tenuous five-regent government threatens to rupture into warring factions after the passing of the Taikō (retired Imperial regent). With Catholic missionaries providing a further antagonistic presence to the Protestant Blackthorne, his survival may depend on an alliance with Lord Yoshii Toranaga — who has seemingly himself been marked for termination by political rivals.

    In 1600, the world’s power dynamics were very different from today: Protestant England had been forced to defend Elizabeth I’s throne from invasion in 1588, with the Spanish Armada intent on reinstating Catholicism and ending English support for Dutch independence from Spain. The latter country would, by this time, be in a dynastic union with Portugal; the two powerful Iberian states had previously divided the oceanic domains beyond Europe between their vast empires with the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas. A vanguard of global exploration, Portugal discovered Japan in 1543 — and began to trade Western goods such as matchlock firearms with them while also spreading the Catholic faith via the introduction of Jesuit missionaries. This context serves as the backdrop to Blackthorne’s treacherous voyage in the opening of Shōgun.

Available in: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240305-shogun-tv-hit-fx-violent-japanese-history/. Adapted.

In the third paragraph of the text, the expression: “The latter country” refers to:

The following text refers to question.

 

Shōgun: The brutal Japanese history that inspired 2024’s latest TV hit

    There’s a stomach-churning moment in the debut episode of FX/Disney+’s Shōgun that sets the standard for the kind of brutality surely to follow. Having endured starvation, scurvy, and a captain’s suicide aboard a ravaged Dutch trade ship, pilot major John Blackthorne and his surviving crew are shipwrecked off the coast of Anjiro, only to be thrown into a pit by sword-wielding captors to await their fate. Though Blackthorne avoids execution himself, a member of his entourage is less fortunate — he’s bound and placed into a cauldron, where he is slowly boiled to death.

    This is Japan in the year 1600 — a time of great unrest after two centuries of civil wars. Here, Blackthorne — based on the real-life navigator William Adams, the first Englishman to reach Japan — must assimilate to a brutal, foreign reality as a tenuous five-regent government threatens to rupture into warring factions after the passing of the Taikō (retired Imperial regent). With Catholic missionaries providing a further antagonistic presence to the Protestant Blackthorne, his survival may depend on an alliance with Lord Yoshii Toranaga — who has seemingly himself been marked for termination by political rivals.

    In 1600, the world’s power dynamics were very different from today: Protestant England had been forced to defend Elizabeth I’s throne from invasion in 1588, with the Spanish Armada intent on reinstating Catholicism and ending English support for Dutch independence from Spain. The latter country would, by this time, be in a dynastic union with Portugal; the two powerful Iberian states had previously divided the oceanic domains beyond Europe between their vast empires with the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas. A vanguard of global exploration, Portugal discovered Japan in 1543 — and began to trade Western goods such as matchlock firearms with them while also spreading the Catholic faith via the introduction of Jesuit missionaries. This context serves as the backdrop to Blackthorne’s treacherous voyage in the opening of Shōgun.

Available in: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240305-shogun-tv-hit-fx-violent-japanese-history/. Adapted.

In the first line of the text, a “stomach-churning moment” can be described as a sensation that is:

Text

 

What is Sociology?

 

    Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior. Sociologists investigate the structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how people interact within these contexts. Since all human behavior is social, the subject matter of sociology ranges from the intimate family to the hostile mob; from organized crime to religious cults; from the divisions of race, gender and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture; and from the sociology of work to the sociology of sports. In fact, few fields have such broad scope and relevance for research, theory, and application of knowledge.

    Sociology provides many distinctive perspectives on the world, generating new ideas and critiquing the old. The field also offers a range of research techniques that can be applied to virtually any aspect of social life: street crime and delinquency, corporate downsizing, how people express emotions, welfare or education reform, how families differ and flourish, or problems of peace and war. Because sociology addresses the most challenging issues of our time, it is a rapidly expanding field whose potential is increasingly tapped by those who craft policies and create programs. Sociologists understand social inequality, patterns of behavior, forces for social change and resistance, and how social systems work. As the following pages convey, sociology is an exciting discipline with expanding opportunities for a wide range of career paths.

From: https://sociology.case.edu/what-is-sociology/. Accessed on 05/11/2019

Não é competência do sociólogo:

Germany prepares adaptation of the TV Series “Merlí”

      “Merlí”, the new TV3 series produced by Nova Veranda, based on an original idea and script by Héctor Lozano, directed by Eduard Cortés and starring Francesc Orella, will soon arrive Germany. A deal selling rights to the “Merlí” format will allow German audiovisual group Beta to adapt the adventures of this peculiar philosophy teacher and his favorite pupils, the Peripatetics.
      The series “Merlí” finished shooting its third and last season last week, and its plot revolves around philosophy professor Merlí Bergeron (Francesc Orella). Like a modern-day Aristotle, Merlí chooses a group of High School students whom he teaches to reflect upon and question all aspects of life. This atypical, multifaceted professor confounds everyone around him as he encourages his students to set goals and objectives, sometimes using questionable methods.
      The series continues to reap huge international success and is now preparing its arrival in Germany hand-in-hand with Beta thanks to an agreement with its international distributor Lagardère Studios Distribution, a strategic partner for Nova Veranda’s parent company Boomerang TV. This is not the first time the series has crossed borders. It has already aired through Netflix in the Spanish-speaking U.S. and in Latin America as well as on Canal Plus France’s Cinema+ Famillie network.
      In this most recent agreement, the Beta Group has acquired the rights to adapt “Merlí” for the German market. In Spain, Movistar+ acquired broadcast rights for the series, which airs on the platform. The series is available nationwide for all of the platform’s subscribers and can be seen in its original (Catalonian) version with Castillian subtitles. “Merlí” has also been acquired by ETB for the Basque Country, where it will be dubbed into Euskera.

From: https://goo.gl/UcYXP9. Accessed on 04/25/2018

A série Merlí tem quantas temporadas?

Favela Chic: gentrifying the slums of brazil

 

A walk through Rio de Janeiro’s Vidigal favela is a full sensory experience on any given day. The smell
of grilled meat mixes with that of exhaust from motorcycle taxis traversing the slum’s corridors.
And then there are the sounds. Normally it’s Rio’s trademark funk music blaring from various
cars or trucks, but lately it has been the sound of German, English or French being spoken by its
[5] new inhabitants.
Favela Chic, as it’s come to be known, has quickly taken Vidigal by storm, as well as its favela
neighbor Rocinha. A combination of new security forces, low prices and curiosity by outsiders have
brought a wave of new renters to neighborhoods that were once considered unsafe to even visit.
American Kristine moved into Vidigal during the World Cup and says she loves it. “It has more
[10] life because there’s always something going on”, says the 27-year-old New Jersey native. “Bars with
people spilling out of them at 6 a.m., music blaring constantly, always people in the street”.
But in addition to a spate of World Cup visitors, Rio’s favelas have also become popular among
venture capitalists looking to rent or sell to higher-income buyers. Less than 10 years ago, a modest
home here would cost only $2,500. Today it can fetch $75,000 or more.
[15] While some former favela residents are being priced out of their homes by land prospectors from
the U.S. and Europe, others have been forcibly removed. In Rio, as many as 250,000 have been
relocated, many to the outskirts of the city, far from their former homes. Many complain that the
compensation packages, when offered, are inadequate.
Besides, favelas have often acted as the shelter for those unable to afford other housing options.
[20] “From the beginning, favelas have been not only housing for the poor, but also the poor’s preferred
housing, given the alternatives available and consistent actions of the state to not provide for the
poor, but to hide them from sight”, writes Jason Cummings in his dissertation for Harvard Graduate
School of Design, “Confronting the Favela Chic”.
With the 2016 Rio Olympics looming on the horizon, what will the gentrification in Rio and
[25] throughout Brazil mean for the 12 million people who inhabit the slums out of necessity? Priced
out or forced out, this creates a continuing clash of class for which there are no easy solutions. 

theroot.com

The two scenes described in the first paragraph appeal to specific human senses. The first scene refers to the sense of smell.

The second scene invokes the following sense:

Sexting

      Sexting is the sending of provocative or sexual photos, messages or videos. They are generally sent using a mobile phone but can also include posting this type of material online. While sharing suggestive images or text messages may seem like innocent flirting or be considered funny for young people, sexting can have serious social and legal consequences. What do I need to know?

 

Stay calm and delete

 

If you have sent a picture or video you regret to a friend or your girlfriend/boyfriend ask them to delete it immediately. If it is posted online then un-tag yourself and report it so it can be removed. Ask friends you trust to help hunt down images and also delete and/or report those images. If you think it would help you could tell a trusted adult at school and they may be able to send a note to students directing them to delete any private photos or videos they have received without naming you.

 

Report it

 

If someone else has posted sexual or naked photos or videos of you online, report them to the service they posted it on. If they are at your school you can report them to a teacher if you choose to. It is not OK for them to share your image without your permission.

 

Try to relax and talk to someone

 

If the video or image has already spread online, try to stay calm. You might like to have a free and confidential talk with Kids Helpline. You can phone them on 1800 551 800 for advice and how to handle the situation. You might also want to tell your parents. It is possible they may find out some other way. They might be upset, angry or in shock, so you might like to ask a trusted friend or relative to help.

 

What if the police get involved?

 

The Police sometimes need to become involved in sexting cases where creating and/or distributing sexual images with minors constitutes the production and/or distribution of child pornography. This differs under state laws.

Where the Police are involved, it’s best to be honest. Tell them how the video/image was made and where it might have been sent/posted. They will want to know who was involved and whether there was consent from all involved. Their concern is preventing any harm to you and other young people.

 

Take care of yourself

 

Avoid looking at the video/image and any comments. Distract yourself by spending time with friends and family that you trust. Remember to stay positive. Many people have had similar experiences. Stay strong, you will be ok.

http://esafety.gov.au/esafety-information/esafety-issues/sexting. Acesso em: 27/07/15

 

“Sexting” in Portuguese means