Questões de Inglês - Reading/Writing - Myth

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

Sugar doesn’t actually make kids hyper — here’s why so many believe it does

The idea of kids getting a “sugar rush” emerged in the 1970s, and the myth continues despite evidence to the contrary

    Soda, ice cream, popsicles — summer is upon us, and that means your kids have likely been eating more sweets than usual. But does an influx of sugar actually cause hyperactivity in children, as many parents believe?

    The idea of a “sugar rush” started gaining traction back in the 1970s, in large part thanks to a best-selling book by pediatric allergist Ben Feingold, Why Your Child Is Hyperactive. In the book, Feingold argued — with little evidence — that food additives, including sugar, are linked to excitable behavior in kids.

    However, the association between sugar and hyperactivity has since been thoroughly debunked in two thorough and well-regarded reviews of the research, in 1994 and 1995.

    The overwhelming consensus from researchers is “there is no association — none,” says Mark Corkins, chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Nutrition. And yet, the sugar high myth remains — and is stronger than ever. So, what’s going on?

    Think about what events are associated with high sugar intake, says Corkins, who is also a professor at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. “Birthday parties, reunions, Christmas time, Thanksgiving.” Pool time, backyard BBQs, picnics, beach days. Are you starting to see a pattern?

    “When we look at the times that kids have high sugar intake, it’s usually associated with when they’re going to be hyper, even if you didn’t give them any sugar,” he says.

    In other words, being […] in a celebratory environment with relatives and friends who children might not see every day is itself a very strong stimulant.

    [...]

    Now, before you start feeling like a bad parent for letting your kids have more sugar than the AAP recommends, rest assured that Corkins and his colleagues are aware of the enormity of this task.

Adaptado de: BITTEL, Jason. Sugar doesn’t actually make kids hyper — here’s why so many believe it does.  National Geographic, 08/06/2023. Disponível em:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/sugar-rush-kids-nutritionhealth. Acesso em: 12/06/2023. 

Vocabulário (neste contexto):
- hyper (hyperactive): hiperativas;
- sugar rush: “explosão” de energia causada pelo consumo de açúcar;
- popsicles: picolés;
- thoroughly: completamente;
- debunked: desmascarado;
- overwhelming: esmagador;
- intake: ingestão;
- rest assured: tenha certeza.

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

Sugar doesn’t actually make kids hyper — here’s why so many believe it does

The idea of kids getting a “sugar rush” emerged in the 1970s, and the myth continues despite evidence to the contrary

    Soda, ice cream, popsicles — summer is upon us, and that means your kids have likely been eating more sweets than usual. But does an influx of sugar actually cause hyperactivity in children, as many parents believe?

    The idea of a “sugar rush” started gaining traction back in the 1970s, in large part thanks to a best-selling book by pediatric allergist Ben Feingold, Why Your Child Is Hyperactive. In the book, Feingold argued — with little evidence — that food additives, including sugar, are linked to excitable behavior in kids.

    However, the association between sugar and hyperactivity has since been thoroughly debunked in two thorough and well-regarded reviews of the research, in 1994 and 1995.

    The overwhelming consensus from researchers is “there is no association — none,” says Mark Corkins, chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Nutrition. And yet, the sugar high myth remains — and is stronger than ever. So, what’s going on?

    Think about what events are associated with high sugar intake, says Corkins, who is also a professor at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. “Birthday parties, reunions, Christmas time, Thanksgiving.” Pool time, backyard BBQs, picnics, beach days. Are you starting to see a pattern?

    “When we look at the times that kids have high sugar intake, it’s usually associated with when they’re going to be hyper, even if you didn’t give them any sugar,” he says.

    In other words, being […] in a celebratory environment with relatives and friends who children might not see every day is itself a very strong stimulant.

    [...]

    Now, before you start feeling like a bad parent for letting your kids have more sugar than the AAP recommends, rest assured that Corkins and his colleagues are aware of the enormity of this task.

Adaptado de: BITTEL, Jason. Sugar doesn’t actually make kids hyper — here’s why so many believe it does.  National Geographic, 08/06/2023. Disponível em:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/sugar-rush-kids-nutritionhealth. Acesso em: 12/06/2023. 

Vocabulário (neste contexto):
- hyper (hyperactive): hiperativas;
- sugar rush: “explosão” de energia causada pelo consumo de açúcar;
- popsicles: picolés;
- thoroughly: completamente;
- debunked: desmascarado;
- overwhelming: esmagador;
- intake: ingestão;
- rest assured: tenha certeza.

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

Sugar doesn’t actually make kids hyper — here’s why so many believe it does

The idea of kids getting a “sugar rush” emerged in the 1970s, and the myth continues despite evidence to the contrary

    Soda, ice cream, popsicles — summer is upon us, and that means your kids have likely been eating more sweets than usual. But does an influx of sugar actually cause hyperactivity in children, as many parents believe?

    The idea of a “sugar rush” started gaining traction back in the 1970s, in large part thanks to a best-selling book by pediatric allergist Ben Feingold, Why Your Child Is Hyperactive. In the book, Feingold argued — with little evidence — that food additives, including sugar, are linked to excitable behavior in kids.

    However, the association between sugar and hyperactivity has since been thoroughly debunked in two thorough and well-regarded reviews of the research, in 1994 and 1995.

    The overwhelming consensus from researchers is “there is no association — none,” says Mark Corkins, chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Nutrition. And yet, the sugar high myth remains — and is stronger than ever. So, what’s going on?

    Think about what events are associated with high sugar intake, says Corkins, who is also a professor at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. “Birthday parties, reunions, Christmas time, Thanksgiving.” Pool time, backyard BBQs, picnics, beach days. Are you starting to see a pattern?

    “When we look at the times that kids have high sugar intake, it’s usually associated with when they’re going to be hyper, even if you didn’t give them any sugar,” he says.

    In other words, being […] in a celebratory environment with relatives and friends who children might not see every day is itself a very strong stimulant.

    [...]

    Now, before you start feeling like a bad parent for letting your kids have more sugar than the AAP recommends, rest assured that Corkins and his colleagues are aware of the enormity of this task.

Adaptado de: BITTEL, Jason. Sugar doesn’t actually make kids hyper — here’s why so many believe it does.  National Geographic, 08/06/2023. Disponível em:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/sugar-rush-kids-nutritionhealth. Acesso em: 12/06/2023. 

Vocabulário (neste contexto):
- hyper (hyperactive): hiperativas;
- sugar rush: “explosão” de energia causada pelo consumo de açúcar;
- popsicles: picolés;
- thoroughly: completamente;
- debunked: desmascarado;
- overwhelming: esmagador;
- intake: ingestão;
- rest assured: tenha certeza.

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

Sugar doesn’t actually make kids hyper — here’s why so many believe it does

The idea of kids getting a “sugar rush” emerged in the 1970s, and the myth continues despite evidence to the contrary

    Soda, ice cream, popsicles — summer is upon us, and that means your kids have likely been eating more sweets than usual. But does an influx of sugar actually cause hyperactivity in children, as many parents believe?

    The idea of a “sugar rush” started gaining traction back in the 1970s, in large part thanks to a best-selling book by pediatric allergist Ben Feingold, Why Your Child Is Hyperactive. In the book, Feingold argued — with little evidence — that food additives, including sugar, are linked to excitable behavior in kids.

    However, the association between sugar and hyperactivity has since been thoroughly debunked in two thorough and well-regarded reviews of the research, in 1994 and 1995.

    The overwhelming consensus from researchers is “there is no association — none,” says Mark Corkins, chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Nutrition. And yet, the sugar high myth remains — and is stronger than ever. So, what’s going on?

    Think about what events are associated with high sugar intake, says Corkins, who is also a professor at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. “Birthday parties, reunions, Christmas time, Thanksgiving.” Pool time, backyard BBQs, picnics, beach days. Are you starting to see a pattern?

    “When we look at the times that kids have high sugar intake, it’s usually associated with when they’re going to be hyper, even if you didn’t give them any sugar,” he says.

    In other words, being […] in a celebratory environment with relatives and friends who children might not see every day is itself a very strong stimulant.

    [...]

    Now, before you start feeling like a bad parent for letting your kids have more sugar than the AAP recommends, rest assured that Corkins and his colleagues are aware of the enormity of this task.

Adaptado de: BITTEL, Jason. Sugar doesn’t actually make kids hyper — here’s why so many believe it does.  National Geographic, 08/06/2023. Disponível em:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/sugar-rush-kids-nutritionhealth. Acesso em: 12/06/2023. 

Vocabulário (neste contexto):
- hyper (hyperactive): hiperativas;
- sugar rush: “explosão” de energia causada pelo consumo de açúcar;
- popsicles: picolés;
- thoroughly: completamente;
- debunked: desmascarado;
- overwhelming: esmagador;
- intake: ingestão;
- rest assured: tenha certeza.

TEXT

The Pirarucu Legend

    Pirarucu was an Indian who belonged to the Uaiás

tribe that lived around the Lábrean plains in the

Southwestern Amazon. He was a brave, but heartless 
warrior, even though Pindarô, his father and chief 
[5] of the tribe, was a good man. Pirarucu was full of

vanities, egoism and excessively proud of his power. 
While his father visited friendly neighboring tribes, 
Pirarucu took advantage of his absence to take village 
people hostage and execute them for any reason. He 
[10] also criticized the gods.

    Tupã, the god of the gods, observed Pirarucu for a 
long time, until, tired of the man’s behavior, he decided 
to punish Pirarucu. Tupã called Polo and demanded 
that he spread his most powerful lightening in the 
[15] whole area. He also called Iururaruaçu, the goddess of 
torrents, and demanded that she provoke the strongest 
torrents of rain over Pirarucu, who was fishing along 
with other Indians on the margins of the Tocantins river, 
not so far from the longhouse.
[20] The fires of Tupã were seen throughout the forest. When 
Pirarucu saw the wild waters of the river, and heard the 
voice and felt the hate of Tupã, he just ignored them with 
a laugh and crazy words. Then, Tupã sent Xandoré, the 
demon that hates men, who threw lightening and thunder 
[25] that filled the air and cut it with sparks. Pirarucu tried to 
escape, but while he ran among the falling branches and 
trees, a lightening bolt sent by Xandoré, struck into the 
heart of the warrior who refused to ask for forgiveness.
     All of those who were with Pirarucu ran from the 
[30] jungle in total fright, while the body of Pirarucu, still 
alive, was taken to the depths of the Tocantins river 
and transformed into a giant and dark fish. Pirarucu 
remained there and for a long time he was the terror of 
the region.

Disponível em: < http://www.sumauma.net/amazonian/legends/ legends-pirarucu.html> CELEMENT, Rosa. Acesso em: 31 jul. 16 (Adaptado).

Happiness

It was almost nightfall. The whole day: rain, torrents of rain. Drenched to the bone, I arrived in a

little Calabrian village. I had to find a hearth where I could dry out, a corner where I could sleep.

The streets were deserted, the doors bolted. The dogs were the only ones to scent the stranger’s

breath; they began to bark from within the courtyards. The peasants in this region are wild and

[5]  misanthropic, suspicious of strangers. I hesitated at every door, extended my hand, but did not

dare to knock.

O for my late grandfather in Crete!, who took his lantern each evening and made the rounds of

the village to see if any stranger had come. He would take him home, feed him, give him a bed for

the night, and then in the morning see him off with a cup of wine and a slice of bread. Here in the

[10]  Calabrian villages there were no such grandfathers.

Suddenly I saw an open door at the edge of the village. Inclining my head, I looked in: a murky

corridor with a lighted fire at the far end and an old lady bent over it. She seemed to be cooking.

I crossed the threshold and entered. I reached the fire and sat down on a stool which I found in

front of the hearth. The old lady was squatting on another stool, stirring the meal with a wooden

[15]  spoon. I felt that she eyed me rapidly, without turning. But she said nothing. Taking off my jacket,

I began to dry it. I sensed happiness rising in me like warmth, from my feet to my shins, my thighs,

my breast. Hungrily, avidly, I breathed in the delicious smell of the steam rising from the pot.

Once more I realized to what an extent earthly happiness is made to the measure of man. It is not

a rare bird which we must pursue at one moment in heaven, at the next in our minds. Happiness

[20]  is a domestic bird in our own courtyards.

As soon as we finished, she prepared a bed for me on a bench to the right of the table. I lay down,

and she lay down on the other bench opposite me. Outside the rain was falling by the bucketful.

For a considerable time I heard the water cackle on the roof, mixed with the old lady’s calm, quiet

breathing. She must have been tired, for she fell asleep the moment she inclined her head. Little

[25]  by little, with the rain and the old lady’s respiration, I too slipped into sleep. When I awoke, I saw

daylight peering through the cracks in the door.

The old lady had already risen and placed a saucepan on the fire to prepare the morning milk.

I looked at her now in the sparse daylight. Shriveled and hump, she could fit into the palm of

your hand. Her legs were so swollen that she had to stop at every step and catch her breath.

[30]  But her eyes, only her large, pitch-black eyes, gleamed with youthful, unaging brilliance. How

beautiful she must have been in her youth, I thought to myself, cursing man’s fate, his inevitable

deterioration. Sitting down opposite each other again, we drank the milk. Then I rose and slung

my carpetbag over my shoulder. I took out my wallet, but the old lady colored deeply.

“No, no,” she murmured, extending her hand.

[35]  As I looked at her in astonishment, the whole of her wrinkled face suddenly gleamed.

“Goodbye, and God bless you,” she said. “May the Lord repay you for the good you’ve done me.

Since my husband died I’ve never slept so well.”

NIKOS KAZANTZAKIS* http://grammar.about.com