Questões de Inglês - Reading/Writing - Memoir
Oscar Niemeyer was one of the most innovative, prolific and daring architects of the last 60 years.
He developed a distinct and highly personal style that has become synonymous with Brazil’s modernist architecture. It captured the spirit of the time and place, the zeitgeist. White or natural reinforced concrete and primary-colour accents, combined with whimsical ideas in his projects are his signatures. Rejecting the cube shapes favoured by his modernist predecessors, he devised some of the world’s most striking buildings - monumental, curving concrete and glass structures which almost defy description. “Curves”, he wrote, “make up the entire universe, the curved universe of Einstein”.
The work which is regarded as the ultimate expression of Niemeyer’s approach to architectural design is Brasília an entire city carved out of the barren reddish Brazilian plateau.
His long-time friend and colleague Lúcio Costa laid out the street plan in the shape of an aeroplane. They then designed a huge number of the city’s residential, commercial and government buildings, which include the Itamaraty Palace. With reinforced concrete arches reflected in a mirror of water, with islands of tropical plants, the headquarters of the Foreign Office provides an unbelievable study in contrast of elements - it has the ethereal appearance of a floating palace built of glass.
When assessing his legacy, many an expert has pointed out that the excess of form and individuality in his oeuvre sidelined the social function of modern architecture.
Many criticize Brasília for being impersonal and elitist but 60 years on more than three million people live here and it is the only modern city to be named a Unesco World Heritage site.
The BBC. Obituary: Oscar Niemeyer, 2012 (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
Niemeyer transformed cold and rigid concrete into something of a very light, unearthly appearance.
[1] From the dawn of civilization, mankind has looked
toward the stars and wondered. The idea of travel beyond one’s
own limited boundary is a concept as old as, well to use an old
[4] cliché, as old as time itself. Have you not thought yourself a
time or two or many, what it would be like to travel through
space? I personally believe that almost everyone on the planet
[7] has had this thought. And the dream will remain, as long as
mankind can produce rational thought.
Will there be space travel from star to star in the near
[10] future? No, that kind of ability is many years and quite possibly
a century or two away. But we can always dream and build and
challenge our way in that direction.
[13] And as we begin the 21st century, we enter a new arena
of space travel. That of commercial space flight enterprise. The
era of government control and big budget efforts, when only a
[16] select few can fly into space, is coming to an end. Private
companies are throwing their hats into the ring to design and
manufacture smaller and cheaper spaceships that can take the
[19] common man on a sub orbital or even orbital flight.
Internet: <www.space-and-rocket-advisor.com> (adapted).
Based on the text, it can be deduced that
government control over journey into space has come to an end.
FIFA Fair Play
[1] The generic concept of fair play is a fundamental
part of the game of football. It represents the positive
benefits of playing by the rules, using common sense and
[4] respecting fellow players, referees, opponents and fans.
The Fair Play Campaign was conceived largely as
an indirect result of the 1986 FIFA World Cup™ in Mexico,
[7] when the handball goal by Diego Maradona stimulated the
admirable reaction of the England coach, Sir Bobby Robson.
Since then, the campaign has had the unconditional support
[10] of former FIFA President João Havelange and his successor,
current President Joseph S. Blatter.
To give fair play more visibility, FIFA created a
[13] programme that turned the generic notion into a simple
design and an easy to understand code of conduct that could
be recognized and respected by players and fans alike.
[16] Fair Play has a fundamental role in sport and there
is a need to apply it to all sporting activities, especially
children’s. Children need strong values to grow up with, and
[19] football, being a team sport, makes them realize how
essential discipline, respect, team spirit and fair play are for
the game and for life.
Internet: (adapted).
According to the text above, judge the item below.
There is a direct relation between the Fair Play Code and the social code: Playing without causing harm to others.
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The first Game Developers Conference, in 1988, attracted 25 participants and took place in a programmer’s sitting room in California. This 2023 summit, which began on March 20 in a giant exhibition centre in San Francisco, demonstrates how the industry has grown. Some 3.2 billion people now play, thanks largely to the spread of the smartphone. Women are now almost as likely as men to call themselves gamers. Gaming is catching on among all age groups. In Britain, for instance, half of those aged 55-64 play video games, though for less time than the young. Worldwide there are now more console owners aged 35-44 than 16-24.
The bigger the audience, the bigger the market. Consumers will spend 185 billion dollars on games in 2023, more than half on mobile games. That is about five times the value of the cinema box office, and two-thirds more than the video-streaming business. As gaming continues to grow, it is beginning to rival television as the world’s favourite entertainment medium.
(https://view.e.economist.com, 20.03.2023. Adaptado.)
The text and the graph are mainly about the
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The first Game Developers Conference, in 1988, attracted 25 participants and took place in a programmer’s sitting room in California. This 2023 summit, which began on March 20 in a giant exhibition centre in San Francisco, demonstrates how the industry has grown. Some 3.2 billion people now play, thanks largely to the spread of the smartphone. Women are now almost as likely as men to call themselves gamers. Gaming is catching on among all age groups. In Britain, for instance, half of those aged 55-64 play video games, though for less time than the young. Worldwide there are now more console owners aged 35-44 than 16-24.
The bigger the audience, the bigger the market. Consumers will spend 185 billion dollars on games in 2023, more than half on mobile games. That is about five times the value of the cinema box office, and two-thirds more than the video-streaming business. As gaming continues to grow, it is beginning to rival television as the world’s favourite entertainment medium.
(https://view.e.economist.com, 20.03.2023. Adaptado.)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “though for less time than the young”, o termo sublinhado introduz, em relação à frase anterior,
Leia o texto e examine o gráfico para responder à questão.
The first Game Developers Conference, in 1988, attracted 25 participants and took place in a programmer’s sitting room in California. This 2023 summit, which began on March 20 in a giant exhibition centre in San Francisco, demonstrates how the industry has grown. Some 3.2 billion people now play, thanks largely to the spread of the smartphone. Women are now almost as likely as men to call themselves gamers. Gaming is catching on among all age groups. In Britain, for instance, half of those aged 55-64 play video games, though for less time than the young. Worldwide there are now more console owners aged 35-44 than 16-24.
The bigger the audience, the bigger the market. Consumers will spend 185 billion dollars on games in 2023, more than half on mobile games. That is about five times the value of the cinema box office, and two-thirds more than the video-streaming business. As gaming continues to grow, it is beginning to rival television as the world’s favourite entertainment medium.
(https://view.e.economist.com, 20.03.2023. Adaptado.)
A frase do texto cujo significado pode ser verificado no gráfico é:
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