Questões de Inglês - Reading/Writing - Manifest

    Study: Literary Criticism Is Still Overwhelmingly Male
By Zach Schonfeld

    Women writers are all over the best-seller lists, but literary criticism is still predominantly a male field.

    That’s according to the latest numbers from the volunteer organization VIDA: Women in the Literary Arts, which works for gender and racial parity in the literary world. This year’s report covers prestigious publications like The New York Review of Books, which published 227 male reviewers last year but only 54 female reviewers, and The London Review of Books, which published 146 male critics and 44 women during the same period. The Paris Review “made great strides toward gender parity” in 2013, the report notes, but then slid and published substantially fewer women than men in 2014.
    As The Guardian points out, those figures are especially striking when you consider that women are more avid readers than men in the U.K., where some of the biggest offenders are based.
    The figures are not all disheartening. Major magazines like The New Yorker, The Atlantic and Harper’s all showed increases in the number of women published in 2014.
    That data are valuable (without VIDA, the figures would likely go untallied), and the broader awareness even more so. Top editors likely know gender disparity is an issue, but they’re more likely to pay attention to it when an organization like VIDA is paying attention to them.

SCHONFELD, Z. Disponível em: www.newsweek.com. Acesso em: 15 abr. 2015 (adaptado).

 

No texto, o autor lança mão de palavras como “literary ”, “male” e “female” para apresentar uma matéria jornalística cujo tema está relacionado ao(à)

Vogue Magazine’s Complicated Relationship with Diversity

 

    Edward Enninful, the new editor-in-chief of British Vogue, has a proven history of addressing diversity that many hope will be the start of an overhaul of the global Vogue brand.

 

    In March, he responded sublimely when US President Donald Trump nominated Supreme Court judge Neil Gorsuch, who allegedly does not care much about civil rights: Enninful styled a shoot for his then employer, the New York-based W magazine, in which a range of ethnically diverse models climb the stairs of an imaginary "Supreme Court". In February, after Trump initiated the much-debated immigration ban, Enninful put together a video showcasing the various fashion celebrities who have immigrated into the US. Even before his first official day in Vogue’s Mayfair offices, Enninful had hired two English superstars of Jamaican descent in an attempt to diversify the team. Model Naomi Campbell and make-up artist Pat McGrath both share Enninful’s aim of championing fashion as a force for social change.

 

    One can only hope that Enninful’s appointment is not a mere blip, but a move in the right direction on a long road to diversity for the global brand.

Disponível em: www.independent.co.uk. Acesso em: 11 ago. 2017 (adaptado).

 

Considerando-se as características dos trabalhos realizados pelo novo editor-chefe da Vogue inglesa, espera-se que a revista contribua para a

Brazilian protest songs: “Peace without a voice is no peace but fear”

 

I was born a year after the military coup in Brazil. The dictatorship that followed lasted from

1964 until 1985 - all my childhood and teenage years. But until I was 13 or 14 years old, I had

no clue of what was going on in my country. I lived in a small town and my parents were not

involved in politics. We listened to the radio, watched the news on TV and had a subscription to

[5]  a national newspaper, but all the media were completely censored at that time. The fact that the

newspaper was sometimes printed with a blank space or a cake recipe in the middle of the news

never really caught my attention. It was always like that and I didn’t know any better.

I had my first glimpse of what it really meant to have a military government and what kind

of things were going on through songs. There was a song that I liked a lot, O bêbado e a

[10]  equilibrista, although the lyrics didn’t make much sense to me: “My Brazil… / that dreams of the

return / of Henfil’s brother / and so many people that left / on rocket fins”. Henfil was a famous

cartoonist, but who was his brother? Who were the people who left? What were they singing

about? This was in 1979 and I was 13.

Thanks to this song by João Bosco and Aldir Blanc (sung by Elis Regina) and the questions I

[15]  started to ask, I heard for the first time about all the artists, journalists and activists that had

been persecuted, imprisoned, tortured and exiled. Many had disappeared or been killed by the

military regime. This song became an anthem for the amnesty of political prisoners and activists

in exile, which was announced later in that same year.

In fact, due to the extreme censorship during the period of military dictatorship in Brazil, songs

[20]  were one of the few ways to send political messages. Despite the tight surveillance of the censors,

they flourished, giving a voice to the resistance movement. Like Para não dizer que não falei das

flores, by Geraldo Vandré, which was interpreted as a call for armed struggle.

Words and phrases with double meanings were used to escape censorship and persecution. The

greatest master in this art was Chico Buarque de Holanda. His clever lyrics were often approved

[25]  by the censors, who would only later realise what the songs were really about. But then, of

course, it was too late. That was the case with Apesar de você, which was censored only after it

had already become an anthem on the streets. At first sight, it appears to be a samba about a

lover’s quarrel. Actually, it was a sharp critique of the authoritarian regime and an act of direct

defiance aimed at the dictators.

[30]  With the advent of democracy and the new freedom of expression in the late 1980s, protest

songs played less of a role in Brazil for a while, but in the 1990s they once again became a

powerful channel to voice social discontent. One of bands active in this period was O Rappa, with

the song A paz que eu não quero. The fight against social inequality, urban and police violence

and racial discrimination are the most common themes. Nowadays, the lyrics are explicit and the

messages are clear.

Mariângela Guimarães rnw.nl 

According to the author, Chico Buarque de Holanda was an expert in the art of writing songs with double meanings.

He did that with the following aim:

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão

 

The Yearly International Buy Nothing Day

The end of November many countries worldwide experience the International Buy Nothing Day/No Shop Day. Buy Nothing Day is especially a day of protest by all of those who find that they have enough, and want to voice their opposition to the incessant trend towards 'always more.' Buy Nothing Day is particularly celebrated in countries that have a very high level of consumption.
The initiative for the Buy Nothing Day was taken in 1992, in Canada, by Ted Dave, who was working in the advertising world. By doing this, he wanted to perform an act against the constant appeal to overconsume, which advertisements pour out on us. His motto was: Enough is enough! Since then the idea of the Buy Nothing Day has been adopted by increasingly more countries. This year there will be activities in at least thirteen countries.
 

Participate by not participating!

The easiest way to become involved in the Buy Nothing Day is: Stay at home! Give yourself and your wallet a day of rest by not shopping. Some countries have special posters to put in your windows. Those who want to participate in this campaign in a more active way - and that is definitely much more fun - can contact the coordinating group in their own country.
Omslag, Workshop for Sustainable Development - The Netherlands

Disponível em: http://www.koopniets.nl/buynothingday.htm Acesso em: 28 out. 2012. (Adaptado).

 

Glossário:
to voice: verbalizar
trend: tendência
pour out: despejar
motto: lema

O nome da campanha “Buy Nothing Day” pode ser reescrito, sem alterar seu sentido original, da seguinte forma:

Read the text below and answer question.

 

Culture linked to improved health

 

 

[1] Trips to the theatre, concerts, art galleries and museums have been linked to better health and
wellbeing, according to researchers in Norway.
A report, published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, showed the more
often people engaged in cultural activities the greater their health benefits.
[5] The authors suggest culture could be used to promote good health.
The study interviewed 50,797 adults from Norway. They were asked about their health, and
satisfaction with life, as well as levels of anxiety and depression.
They were also questioned about their involvement in two cultural fields: "creative culture" when
the person does something such as play an instrument, paint or sing, and "receptive culture"
[10] including going to galleries and concerts.
Both types of cultural activity were linked with good health, wellbeing, low stress and low
depression even when other factors, such as social background and wealth, were taken into
account.
In men the effect was most pronounced in those who preferred to get their dose of culture as an
[15] observer rather than doing something more hands on.
The authors said: "The results indicate that the use of cultural activities in health promotion and
healthcare may be justified."
The study, however, cannot say that culture improves health. It could be the case that healthier
people are more likely to take part in cultural activities.
[20] Professor Alan Maryon-Davis, spokesperson for the UK Faculty of Public Health, said: "It's
interesting research, probably working through the release of hormones, like endorphins,
increasing the feeling of wellbeing and reducing anxiety and depression."
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-13501294 24 May 2011 Last updated at 10:46 GMT

 

GLOSSARY
Engaged: envolvidas, comprometidas
Fields: campos
Health: saúde
Increasing: aumentando
Norway: Noruega
Release: liberação
Research: pesquisa
Spokesperson: porta-voz
Wealth: riqueza
Wellbeing: bem-estar

All the following alternatives are examples of “creative culture”, according to the text, EXCEPT:

    On May 13^th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The document acknowledged the contribution made by the then princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter, it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a subordinate role restricted to private household and family affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible, but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for independence in a variety of ways,” she states.

    In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes Slemian.

Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight. Internet:www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br (adapted).

Based on the picture above, which shows paintings depicting Empress Maria Leopoldina and Maria Quitéria de Jesus, and the information given in the previous text, it is correct to state that both these women