Questões de Inglês - Reading/Writing - Headline

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Getting a diagnosis of diabetes is like getting a second job. The good news is you're management. The bad news is you don't get a vacation. You have to take care of yourself, so you don't burn out.

Whether you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, there are three tools that will keep you healthier and make managing your diabetes easier.

The first is activity. When you work your muscles, let's say walking around the block, they get their energy by sucking glucose out to the bloodstream, making it easier to control your levels.

If you exercise regularly, a 30-minute walk several times a week, you'll build extra muscle. Even when it's resting, muscle uses more energy than fat. So even when you're not exercising, you win.

The next tool is especially important if you have type 2 diabetes: consume fewer calories. Carbs and sugars turn straight into glucose when they're digested, and that goes directly into your bloodstream.

When you stop overloading your system with excess calories, your body will need less insulin and for all diabetics, that makes regulating your blood sugar a lot easier. If you eat less, you'll lose weight. Losing weight also helps you prevent other complications from heart disease to circulatory problems to back pain.

For type 2 diabetics, diet and exercise have an even bigger payoff. You can slow down or even reverse the progression of type 2 diabetes.

And the third thing, don't stress out. Managing diabetes is a job, but it's not a crisis. Worrying makes you lose sleep. Stress and exhaustion make you want to eat. So, think like a manager. Managing your lifestyle makes managing your diabetes a lot easier.

Disponível: https://healthguides.cnn.com/diabetes-video-center?vid=eat-well-move-more-stress-less&did=t1_rss7 Acesso em: 21/01/2021.

Atenção: Para responder às questão, considere o texto abaixo.

 

Where are we letting our patients down?

By Rammya Mathew

October 20, 2020

 

    A recent consultation has stayed with me. In many respects it was a run of the mill general practice consultation, but it made me reflect on health inequalities and why the care we provide for people with low levels of health literacy can be woefully lacking.

    He was a patient with type 2 diabetes taking long term insulin, who had developed acute symptoms in the previous 24 hours. He had broken English, but he was able to communicate his history without too much difficulty, so I persevered without an interpreter. In response to some very direct questioning, it became apparent that he hadn’t had anything to eat or drink that morning, he hadn’t checked his blood sugar levels, and he hadn’t thought about adjusting his insulin dose. How was it feasible that a patient taking insulin for so many years had no idea about type 2 diabetes sick day rules? Could it really be that no one had ever taken the time to counsel him about this?

     I looked online for a patient information leaflet that might be of use, but I abandoned the idea quite quickly, as I was unsure whether he’d be able to read it − and even if he could, I was worried that the information might be too complex for him to follow. I decided that giving him the minimum information to avert a crisis was the best course of action. So, I encouraged him to drink more, to check his blood sugar every four hours, and to call a health professional if it was over a certain threshold. I was firefighting, and it didn’t feel good to be in that position.

    His lack of knowledge about type 2 diabetes sick day rules, however, probably reflected his overall understanding of the condition. It made me wonder where we’d let this man down. At diagnosis, was he enrolled onto a structured education programme? Even if he was, could he attend it around his shift work? And if so, was he able to take anything away from it, given his limited English?

    Patients with long term conditions such as type 2 diabetes are meant to have annual reviews with their GP or practice nurse. Was anything meaningful happening at these reviews, or was his medication just being continuously titrated up? A significant part of these reviews is meant to focus on helping patients to set goals and take control of the aspects of their health that matter most to them. But, if you don’t understand your condition and your role in managing it, you can very quickly become a passive spectator in managing your health, and well intentioned tasks such as goal setting just become yet another meaningless, tick box exercise.

    That single consultation and the patient journey behind it capture many of the gaps in our system, and they explain at least partly the stark health inequalities that have become so painfully visible in recent times. There’s a tendency to think that some patients can’t be helped, but the reality is that the system has let them down.

(Adapted from https://www.bmj.com)

Uma tradução adequada para o título desse artigo é

T E X T

 

  As growth slows in wealthy countries, Western food companies are aggressively expanding in developing nations, contributing to obesity and health problems. 

  FORTALEZA, Brazil — Children’s squeals rang through the muggy morning air as a woman pushed a gleaming white cart along pitted, trashstrewn streets. She was making deliveries to some of the poorest households in this seaside city, bringing pudding, cookies and other packaged foods to the customers on her sales route.

  Celene da Silva, 29, is one of thousands of door-to-door vendors for Nestlé, helping the world’s largest packaged food conglomerate expand its reach into a quarter-million households in Brazil’s farthestflung corners.

  As she dropped off variety packs of Chandelle pudding, Kit-Kats and Mucilon infant cereal, there was something striking about her customers: Many were visibly overweight, even small children.

  She gestured to a home along her route and shook her head, recalling how its patriarch, a morbidly obese man, died the previous week. “He ate a piece of cake and died in his sleep,” she said.

  Mrs. da Silva, who herself weighs more than 200 pounds, recently discovered that she had high blood pressure, a condition she acknowledges is probably tied to her weakness for fried chicken and the Coca-Cola she drinks with every meal, breakfast included. 

  Nestlé’s direct-sales army in Brazil is part of a broader transformation of the food system that is delivering Western-style processed food and sugary drinks to the most isolated pockets of Latin America, Africa and Asia. As their growth slows in the wealthiest countries, multinational food companies like Nestlé, PepsiCo and General Mills have been aggressively expanding their presence in developing nations, unleashing a marketing juggernaut that is upending traditional diets from Brazil to Ghana to India.

  A New York Times examination of corporate records, epidemiological studies and government reports — as well as interviews with scores of nutritionists and health experts around the world — reveals a sea change in the way food is produced, distributed and advertised across much of the globe. The shift, many public health experts say, is contributing to a new epidemic of diabetes and heart disease, chronic illnesses that are fed by soaring rates of obesity in places that struggled with hunger and malnutrition just a generation ago.

  The new reality is captured by a single, stark fact: Across the world, more people are now obese than underweight. At the same time, scientists say, the growing availability of high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods is generating a new type of malnutrition, one in which a growing number of people are both overweight and undernourished.

  “The prevailing story is that this is the best of all possible worlds — cheap food, widely available. If you don’t think about it too hard, it makes sense,” said Anthony Winson, who studies the political economics of nutrition at the University of Guelph in Ontario. A closer look, however, reveals a much different story, he said. “To put it in stark terms: The diet is killing us.”

  Even critics of processed food acknowledge that there are multiple factors in the rise of obesity, including genetics, urbanization, growing incomes and more sedentary lives. Nestlé executives say their products have helped alleviate hunger, provided crucial nutrients, and that the company has squeezed salt, fat and sugar from thousands of items to make them healthier. But Sean Westcott, head of food research and development at Nestlé, conceded obesity has been an unexpected side effect of making inexpensive processed food more widely available.

  “We didn’t expect what the impact would be,” he said.

  Part of the problem, he added, is a natural tendency for people to overeat as they can afford more food. Nestlé, he said, strives to educate consumers about proper portion size and to make and market foods that balance “pleasure and nutrition.”

  There are now more than 700 million obese people worldwide, 108 million of them children, according to research published recently in The New England Journal of Medicine. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in 73 countries since 1980, contributing to four million premature deaths, the study found.

By ANDREW JACOBS and MATT RICHTEL The New York Times SEPT. 16, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com 

 

The text mentions that some multinational food companies have

The headline that better suits the article illustrated by the picture below is:

An overweight woman sits on a chair in Times Square in New York, May 8, 2012.

Reuters/Lucas Jackson

Disponível em: http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/15/us-health stroke-obesity-idUSKBN0O027420150515. Acessado em 25/05/2015. Adaptado para fins educacionais.

Men are threatened by intelligent women, study finds

 

The yet-to-be-released study reports that men \'showed less attraction toward women who outsmarted them\'

 

www.independent.co.uk/news/science/new-study-says-men-find-datingintelligent- women-intimidating-a6700861.html. Acessado em 19/10/2015.

O título e subtítulo acima permitem inferir que

A new law in Brazil has come into force under which employers can be fined if they fail to register their domestic workers.

 

It is part of new measures to provide basic protection for some seven million domestic workers long excluded from Brazil's stringent labour laws.

[…]

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 8 ago. 2014.

 

O texto indica que