Questões de Inglês - Reading/Writing

Leia a carta a seguir.

 

Dear Members of the Harvard Community,

 

For years, the federal government’s grants to Harvard have helped lead to groundbreaking innovations. Recently, the federal government has threatened its partnerships over accusations of antisemitism on our campuses. A list of demands was issued, warning that Harvard must comply if we intend to “maintain our financial relationship with the government.” Most of these demands are unprecedented and represent direct governmental regulation of the “intellectual conditions” at Harvard.

They include requirements to audit the viewpoints of our students and faculty, and to “reduce their power” for their ideological views. We will not accept that. The University will not surrender its independence or relinquish its constitutional rights. No government should dictate what universities can teach and which areas of inquiry they can pursue.

We do not take our moral duties lightly and we have taken many steps to address and fight antisemitism on campus. However, this will not be achieved by assertions of power, unmoored from the law, to dictate how we operate.

Sincerely,

Alan M. Garber

(President of Harvard University)

(Adaptado de https://www.harvard.edu/president/news/2025/the-promise-of-american--higher-education/. Acesso em 07/05/2)

 

Assinale a alternativa correta em relação ao posicionamento do presidente de Harvard em sua carta.

Remember the sky that you were born under,
know each of the star’s stories.
Remember the moon, know who she is.

 

Remember the sun’s birth at dawn. [...]
Remember your birth, how your mother struggled
to give you form and breath [...]

 

Remember the earth whose skin you are:
red earth, black earth, yellow earth, white earth
brown earth, we are earth.
Remember the plants, trees, animal life who all have their
tribes, their families, their histories, too [...]

 

Remember you are all people and all people are you.
Remember you are this universe and this universe is you.

 

Remember all is in motion, is growing, is you.

HARJO, J. She Had Some Horses. Londres; W. Norton & Company, 1983 (fragmento)

 

Nesse poema, de uma autora de ascendência indígena, o eu lírico ressalta a

FISHBURNE, T. Disponível em: https://larrycuban.wordpress.com/2023/09/29/cartoons-about--a-i-use-in-families-and-schools/. Acesso em: 30 Abr 2025

 

O humor da tirinha decorre do fato de que a mulher

The ‘degrowth’ movement envisions global climate justice, but must adapt to global south realities

 

Published: February 6, 2025 3.48am EST 
Authors 
Claudius Gräbner-Radkowitsch, Junior Professor of Pluralist Economics, Europa-Universität Flensburg 
Birte Strunk, PhD in economics, The New School 

 

[1] It is widely accepted that human activities are the primary drivers of global warming and environmental crises, including the 
rapid loss of biodiversity. […]  

 

Is green growth enough?

The idea behind green growth is to continue expanding economies while minimising environmental harm. However, critics 
[5] argue that this approach has failed to significantly curb climate change and biodiversity loss. 

 

Despite international efforts since the 1970s, carbon emissions have continued to rise. […] Nearly half of historical emissions 
occurred after 1990. Incremental policy changes, technological innovations and shifts in consumer behaviour have not been 
enough to reverse this trend. This failure has led to the growing appeal of “degrowth” – a more radical alternative that challenges 
the current global economic system. 

 

[10] The ”degrowth movement” emerged in Europe, particularly in France, in the late 2000s. Philosophers and economists were 
among its early proponents, with researchers later popularising the concept in the English-speaking world. They argue that 
the root cause of environmental destruction lies not only in human activity but also in a global economic model that has 
prioritised growth and profit since the Industrial Revolution. Over time, however, environmentalism has become central to the 
movement’s goals. 

 

[15] What about the global south?

Today, many degrowth advocates assert that the richer countries of the global north, being largely responsible for environmental 
degradation, should be the ones to scale back economic activity to avert ecological catastrophe. But what about the poorer 
countries of the global south? Should they adopt degrowth strategies? Some argue this would impose a neocolonial agenda, 
with wealthier countries once again dictating the terms of global development. Others note that many poorer countries need 
[20] economic growth to combat poverty. And even if degrowth were limited to the north, it could still have significant effects on the 
south – both positive and negative.  […] 

Retrieved and adapted from https://theconversation.com/the-degrowth-movement-envisions-global-climate-justice-but-must-adapt-to-global-south- Accessed on April 10th, 2025.

Read these sentences:

 

I. However, critics argue that this approach has failed to significantly curb climate change and biodiversity loss. (lines 04 and 05)

II. Despite international efforts since the 1970s, carbon emissions have continued to rise. (line 06)

 

The alternative that best substitutes “however” and “despite” respectively, without changing the meanings of the sentences, is

The ‘degrowth’ movement envisions global climate justice, but must adapt to global south realities

 

Published: February 6, 2025 3.48am EST 
Authors 
Claudius Gräbner-Radkowitsch, Junior Professor of Pluralist Economics, Europa-Universität Flensburg 
Birte Strunk, PhD in economics, The New School 

 

[1] It is widely accepted that human activities are the primary drivers of global warming and environmental crises, including the 
rapid loss of biodiversity. […]  

 

Is green growth enough?

The idea behind green growth is to continue expanding economies while minimising environmental harm. However, critics 
[5] argue that this approach has failed to significantly curb climate change and biodiversity loss. 

 

Despite international efforts since the 1970s, carbon emissions have continued to rise. […] Nearly half of historical emissions 
occurred after 1990. Incremental policy changes, technological innovations and shifts in consumer behaviour have not been 
enough to reverse this trend. This failure has led to the growing appeal of “degrowth” – a more radical alternative that challenges 
the current global economic system. 

 

[10] The ”degrowth movement” emerged in Europe, particularly in France, in the late 2000s. Philosophers and economists were 
among its early proponents, with researchers later popularising the concept in the English-speaking world. They argue that 
the root cause of environmental destruction lies not only in human activity but also in a global economic model that has 
prioritised growth and profit since the Industrial Revolution. Over time, however, environmentalism has become central to the 
movement’s goals. 

 

[15] What about the global south?

Today, many degrowth advocates assert that the richer countries of the global north, being largely responsible for environmental 
degradation, should be the ones to scale back economic activity to avert ecological catastrophe. But what about the poorer 
countries of the global south? Should they adopt degrowth strategies? Some argue this would impose a neocolonial agenda, 
with wealthier countries once again dictating the terms of global development. Others note that many poorer countries need 
[20] economic growth to combat poverty. And even if degrowth were limited to the north, it could still have significant effects on the 
south – both positive and negative.  […] 

Retrieved and adapted from https://theconversation.com/the-degrowth-movement-envisions-global-climate-justice-but-must-adapt-to-global-south- Accessed on April 10th, 2025.

Read the following topics:

 

I. Advancements in green growth and their potential impact on environmental sustainability.

II. Degrowth considerations regarding the responsibilities of wealthier versus poorer countries.

III. Systems for tackling the challenges presented by the degrowth movement implications for financial investments.

IV. Human activities, environmental crises, and the emergence of the degrowth movement.

V. Criticism of green growth due to its dependence on an economic model that prioritizes profit.

 

The option that encompasses the topics discussed in Text is

The ‘degrowth’ movement envisions global climate justice, but must adapt to global south realities

 

Published: February 6, 2025 3.48am EST 
Authors 
Claudius Gräbner-Radkowitsch, Junior Professor of Pluralist Economics, Europa-Universität Flensburg 
Birte Strunk, PhD in economics, The New School 

 

[1] It is widely accepted that human activities are the primary drivers of global warming and environmental crises, including the 
rapid loss of biodiversity. […]  

 

Is green growth enough?

The idea behind green growth is to continue expanding economies while minimising environmental harm. However, critics 
[5] argue that this approach has failed to significantly curb climate change and biodiversity loss. 

 

Despite international efforts since the 1970s, carbon emissions have continued to rise. […] Nearly half of historical emissions 
occurred after 1990. Incremental policy changes, technological innovations and shifts in consumer behaviour have not been 
enough to reverse this trend. This failure has led to the growing appeal of “degrowth” – a more radical alternative that challenges 
the current global economic system. 

 

[10] The ”degrowth movement” emerged in Europe, particularly in France, in the late 2000s. Philosophers and economists were 
among its early proponents, with researchers later popularising the concept in the English-speaking world. They argue that 
the root cause of environmental destruction lies not only in human activity but also in a global economic model that has 
prioritised growth and profit since the Industrial Revolution. Over time, however, environmentalism has become central to the 
movement’s goals. 

 

[15] What about the global south?

Today, many degrowth advocates assert that the richer countries of the global north, being largely responsible for environmental 
degradation, should be the ones to scale back economic activity to avert ecological catastrophe. But what about the poorer 
countries of the global south? Should they adopt degrowth strategies? Some argue this would impose a neocolonial agenda, 
with wealthier countries once again dictating the terms of global development. Others note that many poorer countries need 
[20] economic growth to combat poverty. And even if degrowth were limited to the north, it could still have significant effects on the 
south – both positive and negative.  […] 

Retrieved and adapted from https://theconversation.com/the-degrowth-movement-envisions-global-climate-justice-but-must-adapt-to-global-south- Accessed on April 10th, 2025.

The main goal of Text is: