Questões de Inglês - Grammar - Linking words - Contrast

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    Fake news typically refers to news stories or headlines that are deliberately fabricated to mislead¹ or manipulate readers. These stories often look like real news articles but are entirely made-up or twisted versions of true events, created with the intention to deceive². Fake news is a type of disinformation: false information that is created with the intention to mislead. Disinformation includes not only fake news, but also other types of claims, such as those put out as government propaganda, or by social media accounts or brands in order to sell a product or service. Misinformation, on the other hand, is any kind of false or inaccurate information — whether it’s shared intentionally or not. People often spread misinformation because they genuinely believe it’s true and don’t realize they’re sharing something incorrect.

(www.unicef.org, 10.02.2025. Adaptado.)

¹ mislead: ludibriar.
² deceive: enganar.

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    Incensed after finding out his rental home of 10 years was about to become a tourist apartment, Daniel Romero took to social media. What followed quickly became a movement, as residents in Málaga, Spain, began plastering stickers — reading “A family used to live here” (“AnTes una familia vivia aquí”) or “Go home” (“Anda Tu casa”) — outside tourist lets¹ across the southern Spanish city.

    “I didn’t mean to arm a revolution,” said Romero. “I’m just looking for a house to live in.”

    At the core of what one Spanish broadcaster called “the sticker rebellion” is not a rejection of tourism, said Romero. Instead, as city residents struggle with a record number of tourists, it’s a sincere appeal for a more balanced approach that could allow for a better coexistence between residents and tourists.

    It’s a debate playing out across Europe, as cities from Athens to Amsterdam wrestle with how best to tackle overtourism.

    In Málaga, Romero did all he could to negotiate with his landlord². His landlord’s refusal, however, cast Romero into a desperate search amid the slim pickings of a real estate market where tourist lets have for years surpassed the number of residents in the city centre.

    Fuelled by frustration, he took to the social media page of the bar he owns, posting his own version on the blue AT — Apartamento Turístico or Tourist Apartment — signs that advertise tourist lets in the city. “ATtack against the citizens of the city,” he said, as he invited others to create their own version of these short-term rentals.

(Ashifa Kassam. www.theguardian.com, 30.03.2024. Adaptado.)

¹tourist lets: apartamentos que são alugados para turistas para estadias de
curto prazo.
²landlord: proprietário do imóvel.

        Impact of Climate Change on Firefighting Extends Beyond Wildfires

    Global warming is often mentioned as a factor in the accelerating frequency and intensity of wildfires. However, there are other consequences of global warming that impact the fire service, including new hazards and medical emergencies, emerging training challenges, population migration, and technology developments.

    Climate change is often discussed as a future event. However, the impact of wildfires is just the most obvious example of how climate change is already impacting the world, and fire and emergency personnel will be called on to mitigate the effects.

    The most obvious and extreme impact of global warming can be seen in the increase of frequency and intensity of wildfires. Hotter and drier weather is extending the wildfire season (maybe to become year-round?). Higher temperatures, low humidity, less rainfall, and high wind increase the likelihood of wildfires.

Adapted from: https://www.thebigredguide.com/insights/impact-climate-changefirefighting-extends-wildfires-editor-s-dispatch.1645685564.html

Read Passage 1 carefully, and then answer the question.

PASSAGE 1

[1] Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the way we learn and teach, making it more
personalized, engaging, and efficient. AI in education refers to the use of artificial intelligence technologies, such
as machine learning and natural language processing, to enhance the learning experience. It involves the use of
algorithms that analyze data, identify patterns, and make predictions, enabling educators to personalize
[5] learning for each student. The potential benefits of using AI in education are significant. Personalized learning,
one of the most significant advantages of AI in education, can lead to better student outcomes, as students can
learn at their own pace and in a way that suits their learning style. Intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, and
automated grading and assessment can increase efficiency, save teachers' time, and provide more accurate and
consistent feedback. However, there are also challenges associated with using AI in education. Privacy and
[10] security concerns, lack of trust, cost, and potential bias are some of the challenges that need to be addressed.
Ethical considerations such as ensuring accessibility, transparency, and fairness in AI-based education systems
also need to be taken into account. Despite these challenges, the potential of AI in education is immense. AI can
provide better data analysis, enabling educators to make data-driven decisions. In this review we described the
role of AI in management and promotion of education, which describes the effect of AI in the education sector.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369545925_Role_of_AI_in_Education

WHAT'S YOUR WATER-FOOTPRINT?

[01] How Much water do you think is in an espresso? According to Professor Tony Allan a typical espresso contains 140 liters of water! In his book Virtual water; He says that we are not aware of 90% of the water we use, as it is 'hidden' water used in the production of the food and goods we buy. So, it takes 140 liters to grow, produce, package, and ship

[05] the beans you use to make your morning espresso. Professor Allan calls this water 'virtual water'. Since the appearance of this book, many people are taking these ideas very seriously. Water consumption varies greatly by country. In wealthy countries, people use about 150 liters a day for washing and drinking. However, if you include the 'virtual water' in their food and clothes, the figure jumps to 5,000 liters per day. A huge amount of

[10] water is used in beef production. Due to the growth of cities and rising populations, water is becoming a more valuable resource. In the next few decades, water will become a major issue for the world. Part of the solution may come thorough improvements in agricultural performance, thorough the use of better fertilizers, pesticides, etc. In recent years, agricultural production in Europe has increased from 3 tons of food per hectare to

[15] 10 tons. But we also need to improve the management of our water supply. this can happen through more waste water recycling (e.g. reusing water from our bath) or the development of better methods of desalination (= the removal of salt from water) - we can then use more sea water in agriculture. In the meantime, what can the individual do? Well, have you thought about taking a shower instead of a bath, fixing your leaky taps, or

[20] eating hamburgers less often? This action may seem like a drop in the ocean, but every drop helps!

Beef 15,500 liters per kg/Pork 4,800 liters per kg/Cheese 5,000 liters per kg/Milk 1,000 liters per kg/Egg 200 liters per kg/Rice 3,400 liters per kg

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    France wants to put a lid on the tourist crowds that flood historic landmarks and natural treasures each year, though officials have said it would not be easy. Tourism Minister Olivia Gregoire unveiled a plan to regulate visitor flows at the most popular sites and lay out a strategy against overtourism. She said France, the world’s biggest tourist destination, particularly needed to better manage the peak-season influxes that threatened “the environment, the quality of life for locals, and the experiences for its visitors”. The issue is urgent for prime destinations worldwide as international travel surges after covid-19 lockdowns. Many of the most revered French sites, such as the Mont-Saint-Michel abbey in Normandy, say they are overwhelmed by the number of visitors.

    On the famed Channel beach of Etretat, which saw a tourism surge thanks to the plot of the Netflix detective series “Lupin”, the 1,200 residents see up to 10,000 tourists a day in the high season. “This massive influx ends up eroding the cliffs and endangers the beach cliffs,” co-head of the Etretat Tomorrow residents’ association Shai Mallet said. She also laments the lack of local economic benefits, with visitors staying just a few hours, maybe grabbing an ice cream but not constantly frequenting restaurants or hotels.

    The government’s announcement comes as Paris, which is dealing with a housing shortage in part because homeowners prefer short-term rentals to tourists, said last week it expects 37 million tourists this year, just short of the pre-pandemic level of 38.5 million in 2019. Limits are already being set, with officials limiting day visits to the gorgeous Brittany island of Brehat at 4,700 during the peak summer months.

(www.euronews.com, 20.06.2023. Adaptado.)