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    There are as many ways of being blind as there

are of being tall, or sick, or hot. But the popular 
view has always conceived …….. blindness as a

totality. The blind bards wandering the

[5] countrysides of ancient Japan, China, or Europe, 
the blind housed in asylums in the Middle Ages, 
all the pupils in all the schools for the blind from 
the Enlightenment onward, blind beggars and

lawyers, war veterans and toddlers - in the eyes

[10] of history, as well as those of most of their 
contemporaries, they all saw nothing. Modern 
dictionaries still subscribe to this sense: 
blindness is the antonym of vision, and connotes 
a destitution of sight. What else could it mean?

[15]    Despite the poetic impulse to equate blindness

…….. darkness, it's rarely experienced as a black

veil draped over the world. Only around 15 
percent of blind people have no light perception 
whatsoever. Most see something, even if it isn't 
[20] very useful, by sighted standards: a blurry view 
of their periphery, with nothing in the middle, or 
the inverse - the world seen through a 

buttonhole. For some, scenes come through in a 
dim haze; for others, light produces a shower of 
[25] excruciatingly bright needles. Even those with no 
light perception at all have little use for the 
popular image of blindness as darkness: the 
brain cut off from visual stimulus can still 

produce washes of brilliant color and shape. One 
[30] blind man, whose optic nerve - the connection 
between the eyes and the brain - had been 
severed, described seeing a continuously 
swirling (and distracting) "visual tinnitus." The 
Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, decades 
[35] …….. his blindness, still saw color, which

sometimes disturbed him: "I, who was 
accustomed to sleeping in total darkness," he 
said, “was bothered for a long time at having to 
sleep in this world of mist, in the greenish or 
[40] bluish mist, vaguely luminous, which is the world 
of the blind. I wanted to lie down in darkness”.

    The arrival or encroachment of blindness gives

rise to a similarly dazzling range of experiences, 
an efflorescence of blind varietals. There are 
[45] those born blind, with no visual memories, 
whose brains – including the visual cortices – 
develop using four (or fewer) senses to construct 
their view of the world. Those who become blind 
in early childhood often retain visual memories 
[50] that can contribute to an intuitive understanding 
of visual concepts. The late-blinded may have 
the most cognitive work to do, forced to relearn 
basic skills like orientation and information – 
gathering through new senses, long after their 

[55] brains' developmental plasticity has hardened. 
Some late-blinded adults consciously struggle to 
preserve their storehouses of mental images, 
like art conservators touching up old and fading 
masterpieces. 

[60]    People are blinded by their spouses or strangers,

by acts of war or sports injuries, by industrial

accidents and bad decisions, malnutrition and

infection, genetic inheritances and spontaneous

mutations. It's disingenuous to argue that

[65] blindness doesn't have a transformative impact

...….. a person's life, but in every case, blindness

is only part of the story. The life of a blind person

is never fully (or even predominantly) defined by

their blindness».

Extraído de: LELAND, A. The Country of the Blind: A memoir at the end of sight. New York: Penguin, 2023.

The dangers of preconceived judgement:
look beyond stereotypes

People often say “Don’t judge a book by its cover”, and it holds true in many aspects of life. We are all
guilty of making snap judgements about others based on their appearance, actions or even just a brief
encounter. But have you ever wondered why it’s important not to judge someone before getting to know
them? Do you ever consider that?
[5]   Imagine that you are at a party and, out of the corner of your eye, you spot a person with a unique
hairstyle and an outfit that screams “fashion forward”. Your brain, always ready for action, instantly springs
into snap judgement mode. “They must be an avant-garde artist or a fashion model”, it enthusiastically
proclaims. This is thin slice judgement! It refers to the action of making lightning-fast judgements based
on minimal information. An example is when you are at a job interview, and the person in the hot seat
[10]   glances at your handwriting before making a quick assessment of your personality. It sounds ludicrous,
but our brain has a way of magnifying minor details and turning them into grand narratives. As amusing
as it may seem, such judgements can have real-life consequences.
While snap judgements can provide an amusing story to share at parties, they can perpetuate stereotypes,
reinforce biases and limit our ability to see the true beauty in diversity. Instead of jumping to conclusions,
[15]   it’s better to lean into curiosity. Ask questions, seek out diverse perspectives and recognize that everyone
has a unique story to tell. By embracing our inquisitive nature, we can uncover the richness of human
experiences and challenge our own biases.
Empathy is the secret weapon against prejudice. To truly understand someone, you must put yourself in
their shoes and see the world through their eyes. Actually, prejudice is when we form an opinion or make
[20]   assumptions about someone without having all the facts. It’s like trying to write a book review after only
reading the first chapter. We should strive to give people a fair chance before passing judgement. Besides,
it’s essential to remember that nobody is perfect, and we should embrace diversity instead of assuming
we’re always right. Rather than acting as self-appointed judges, we should approach people with empathy
and understanding.
[25]   Practicing self-compassion and recognizing our own imperfections can help us show more compassion
towards others. Harsh judgement can stem from a variety of factors, such as insecurity, fear or simply our
own experiences and biases, but it’s okay, we’ve all been there! What’s important is to take a step back and
reflect on why we are quick to judge. And, if we always do that, it’s time to think outside the box.

PATRICK TURNER
Adaptado de appgecet.co.in.

Text 01

Skydiving: an amazing experience!

by: ChloeBlogger

1 When I was 16, I wrote a bucket list. This was a list of things that I wanted to do in my lifetime. One of the things on my bucket list was to do a skydive.

2 Two years ago, I spent three months travelling _____1_____ South America. We visited so many places and it was a great experience. One of the most amazing things we saw was Iguassu Falls. The day after we visited the waterfalls we were relaxing in a hostel in Brazil, having breakfast. My friend then suddenly noticed an advert on the wall saying 'skydive _____2______ Iguassu Falls today!' We looked at each other and decided it was time to do ______3______ crazy.

3 That afternoon we were picked up and taken to the Skydive Centre. We put on our harnesses and helmets and we were given some instructions. After signing a few papers, we were on our way to the plane! ______4______ 14 of us in a very small space as we took off into the air. This is when my heart started to beat very fast and I felt lots of adrenaline.

4 Suddenly we were 10,000 feet (3,000 metres) above the ground. Luckily, I was strapped to an instructor so I didn't have to worry about ______5______; I just had to enjoy myself. He asked me if I was ready to fall from the plane ... but before I had time to answer, I felt the wind rushing against my face as we fell to the ground at 200 km an hour! Everything ______6_______ me looked so small and my breath was literally taken away.

5 After about 20 seconds of falling, the parachute opened and everything slowed down. We floated peacefully towards earth, leaving the clouds ______7______ us. This was definitely one of the scariest but most exhilarating experiences of my life. I think that everyone should do something that scares them once in a while!

Disponível em: https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/blogs/sport/skydiving-amazing-experience. Acesso em: 26 jul.2021. Texto adaptado.

TEXTO

The Future Of Work: 5 Important Ways Jobs Will Change In The 4th Industrial Revolution

    In many respects, the future of
work is already here. Amid the headlines
exclaiming the predicted loss of jobs due
to automation and other changes brought
[5] by artificial intelligence (AI), machine
learning and autonomous systems, it’s
clear that the way we work and live is
transforming. This evolution can be
unnerving. Since we know change is
[10] inevitable, let’s look at how work will
likely change and some ideas for how to
prepare for it.
    At least 30% of the activities
associated with the majority of
[15] occupations in the United States could be
automated, which includes even
knowledge tasks that were previously
thought to be safe according to a
McKinsey Global Institute report. This
[20] echoes what executives see as well and
prompted Rick Jensen, Chief Talent
Officer at Intuit to say, “The workforce is
changing massively.” Here are just a few
of the ways:
[25]    Within an organization, positions
will be more fluid, and a strict
organizational chart will likely be tossed
in favor of more project-based teams.
This is especially appealing to Generation
[30] Z employees since 75% of Generation Z
employees would be interested in having
multiple roles in one place of
employment. The “gig” economy will
continue to expand where professionals
[35] sign on as contractors or freelancers and
then move on to the next gig.
    Thanks to mobile technology and
readily available internet access, remote
workers are already common. Employees
[40] won’t need to be in the same location.
This will make it easier for the next
generation workers to choose to live
anywhere, rather than find a job and then
move to a city with that job.
[45]    People will need something more
than a paycheck as a motivation to work.
Many want to work for an organization
with a mission and purpose they believe
in. They will also want different incentives
[50] such as personal development
opportunities, the latest tech gadgets to
facilitate their work-from-anywhere
ambitions, and more.
    Not only will employees want to
[55] learn throughout their career, but they
will also need to learn new skills.
Technology will continue to evolve the

role humans play in the workforce, so
everyone will be required to adapt their
[60] skills throughout their working lives.
    Artificial intelligence algorithms
and intelligent machines will be co-

workers to humans. The human workforce
will need to develop a level of comfort
[65] and acceptance for how man and machine
can collaborate using the best that both
bring to the workplace.
     Even though we can’t predict all
the changes that will occur in the future,
[70] we do have a fair amount of certainty that
there are some things people can do to
prepare for it. Rather than succumb to the
doomsday predictions that “robots will
take over all the jobs,” a more optimistic
[75] outlook is one where humans get the
opportunity to do work that demands
their creativity, imagination, social and
emotional intelligence, and passion.
    Individuals will need to act and
[80] engage in lifelong learning, so they are
adaptable when the changes happen. The
lifespan for any given skill set is
shrinking, so it will be imperative for
individuals to continue to invest in
[85] acquiring new skills. The shift to lifelong
learning needs to happen now because
the changes are already happening.
    In addition, employees will need
to shape their own career path. Gone are
[90] the days when a career trajectory is
outlined at one company with predictable
climbs up the corporate ladder. Therefore,
employees should pursue a diverse set of
work experiences and take the initiative
[95] to shape their own career paths.
    Individuals will need to step into
the opportunity that pursuing your
passion provides rather than shrink back
to what had resulted in success in the
[100] past. This shift in work opens the
possibility to achieve more of our
potential. We need to begin to think of
work as more than a paycheck.
    Employers need to think
[105] differently about how they recruit and
hire new employees. Companies need to
review a prospective employee’s potential
and assess skills that are less likely to be
automated any time soon, including
[110] emotional intelligence, critical thinking,
creativity, and problem-solving skills.
    Another way employers will need
to adjust operations is to create a
structure and culture that honors lifelong
[115] learning, and that celebrates creativity.
It's time for employers to assess their
benefit and incentive programs to ensure
they are providing the motivation the
next generation of employees will want in
[120] order to attract the best talent.
    While nothing is certain, it's

important for every human to begin
taking steps in the direction to prepare
for a future where machines become
[125] colleagues. If we don't begin to adapt to
the changes today, it will be challenging
to catch up later.

Fonte: https://www.forbes.com/2019/07/15